Performance Appraisal and Career Development

Performance Appraisal and career Development Ms. Garima Gupta (Assistant Professor, MBA&PGDM) Banshi Group of Institutions, Bithoor, Kanpur ABSTRACT: The paper focuses on the roles that are played by the employee, the manager and the employer in planning, guiding and developing the employee’s career and points out that appraisal works as a motivating tool for the same as it improves employee’s job performance by identifying strengths and weaknesses and determining how their strengths, may be best utilized within the organization and weaknesses be overcome.It throws light on the fact that people wants to choose occupations, jobs and a career that makes sense in terms of projected future demand for various types of occupation the co.uk/hrm-352/">performance Appraisal system helps the employees to become aware of their personal skills, interests, knowledge, motivation and other characteristics which help to identify their career related goals and establishes action pla ns to attain goals, research is done to find out the employer’s role and also his career development responsibilities, that depends on how long the employee has been with the firm, it is the employer only who serves as a mentor to helps the person learn that ropes are important , it focuses on the importance of employer that it is only he who contributes in a positive way to the employee’s career & matches the person’s strength & weaknesses with the feasible career path and believes that development is one of the important step that helps to improve the organization career planning process. Performance appraisal: It is defined as the method of judging the relative worth or the ability of an employee in performing his tasks. It lets the employee know how he is performing (whether his performance is meeting the set standard or not) and helps him to improve his performance if lacking. It is generally carried out to evaluate the employee’s performance and also to develop him by capitalizing his strengths and overcoming the weaknesses. Who will appraise: The Appraisal can be done by one or by the combination of following: 1. Employer(Supervisor) 2. Peer 3.High Level Manager 4. Customer 5. Subordinate 6. Self-Appraisal Appraisal————-A Motivating tool to develop Employee’s Career and improving job performance———————————————————–by identifying Employee’s strength and Weaknesses It has been noticed that appraising the employee helps a lot in improving his performance it helps to know that whether the employee is meeting the set standard or not if not then what are the lacking areas in which he is not able to perform well, in order to overcome this the weaknesses of employee are identified and proper steps are taken to improve them & utilize his strengths effectively.Employe r’s Role in Identifying person’s Strengths and weaknesses: It is the employer who keeps an eye on the employees during his job performance it is only he who assign the task and duties to the employees after identifying the employee’s area of interest, his abilities and competencies in performing the task, he is the one who notices that how well the employee is performing and also notices the points where employee does not perform well during the whole performance Appraisal and evaluation process the employer comes to know about the strengths and weaknesses of the employee and ask the employee to overcome his weaknesses as they may prove to be obstacle in the path of his career development ,it is the employer who advises the employee to match his strengths and weaknesses with the opportunity and threats prevailing in the organization to achieve the career growth . The Employer should find out that how long the employee is staying with the organization and whether the skills and interest of the employee are meeting with the job post or not.If not than it is the sole responsibility of the employer to help employee in overcoming his weaknesses by guiding and providing suggestions in developing required skills in the employee, as the employer serves as the mentor to the employee in boosting up their morale and inhibiting confidence in them so that they can move forward in their career and build them according to their wishes. A positive contribution is required from employer’s side. Employee’s strength and weaknesses identified by the Employer: By continuously monitoring the activities performed by the employee and also by evaluating employee’s performance the employer brings out following Strengths and weaknesses in the employee- STRENTHS: 1. Level of Education 2. Sound job knowledge . Work experience 4. Positive personal characteristics 5. Excellent communication skills 6. Problem solving abilities 7. Team building charac teristics 8. Sound judgment and decision making abilities 9. A good Initiator 10. Controlling and Delegating Abilities WEAKNESSES: 1. Lack of higher Education level 2. Inappropriate job knowledge 3. Lack of work experience 4. Negative personal characteristics 5. Lack of communication skills 6. Low problem solving abilities 7. Lack of team building characteristics 8. Lack of sound judgment and low decision making abilities 9. Lack of Initiative characteristics 10. Low delegating and Controlling abilitiesThough strengths are the internal positive aspects of employees, which should be capitalized whereas weaknesses are the internal negative aspects of employee, which should be improved. It has been noticed that it is very difficult for us to know about about our weaknesses as we only wish to see our positive sides and tries to ignore our negative aspects, in such situation employer plays very crucial role in identifying our strengths and weaknesses, during Appraisal the employee also c omes across the points where he lacks and tries the way to improve in that area , the Employer emphasizes on the fact that the employee should take steps to develop his, skills, interest, Style and values.An impressing personality also proves to be one of the most important factors for growth, one should inoculate the skills of sharp learning in himself so that it helps employee to know more and more about himself and helps him to improve himself in the areas where the employee is weak. , Which in turn proves to be very much important for the growth of the organization. Following points are very important for employee’s development- 1. Employer’s Feedback 2. Areas of Employee Development 3. Praise as well as criticism from the employers 4. Maintain/improve knowledge & skills 5. Maintain awareness of operating environment & organisation’s mandate 6. Know & understand scope of responsibilities & duties 7. Give feedback on performance expectations a nd assessment criteria 8.Give feedback on constraints to achieving targets 9. Produce & maintain high quality of output Employee Competency: An employee should be good in following points in order to become competent by capitalizing strengths and overcoming weaknesses- 1. He should have sound knowledge about his job profile and his working areas. 2. He should a positive attitude towards the responsibilities and duties assigned to him. 3. He should posses a positive behavior towards his subordinates for the achievement of goals. 4. He Should be strongly motivated But these competencies can be developed only through a sound Appraisal System that will help to find out the employee’s drawbacks, which can be improved, y Training and Development. The employee can achieve success in his work by matching his own needs with the needs of organization. MATCHING INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL NEEDS ORGANIZATIONALNEEDSINDIVIDUAL NEEDS StaffingMaking career/job choice DevelopmentMaking contribution Leveling offFitting into organization RestaffingUsing Experience Career development is directly linked with Human Development. It ongoes throughout the lifespan of an individual resulting in the individuals growth both in their life and work, it basically refers to shaping your career in a way you wish to. It helps in developing capable employees with best skills, knowledge and behavior.Employer’s Role in Career Planning, Guiding and Developing the Employee’s Career: Following steps should be taken: †¢Know yourself: †¢Who are you? †¢What is your motivational type? †¢What is your personality type? †¢What are your career assets? †¢Assess where you are in relation to where you want to be †¢Identify your strengths and developmental needs †¢Benchmark your goals †¢Planning: Create Your Career Development Plan †¢Preparation: Have a Career Discussion and be Competition Ready By keeping above points in mind followin g characteristics are developed in the employees by the Employer to plan and develop their career- 1. Employee’s personal interest and abilities 2.Integrating the employee’s personal value system with the organizational culture. 3. Developing Team building Skills. 4. The employer to deal with conflicts, grievances, Stress, and emotions provides healthy tips. 5. Developing the feeling of commitment and competence among the employees. 6. Boosting up the employee’s Career. 7. Creates awareness among the employee about his unique characteristics that makes him different from others. It is the prime responsibility of the employer to take active interest in an employees career planning. Promotions in the job through appropriate Appraisal system that brings following points in the employee’s mind- 1. The employee gains a sense of satisfaction and security. 2.It helps to increase employee’s loyalty as they feel that the organization not only concerned in i ts development but also in the development of the employee. 3. The feeling of promotion motivates the employee to develop their personal skills and potential abilities for their personal growth and development. 4. It encourages employees to match their personal goals with the goals of organization for effective and efficient working that will yield fruitful results. 5. The employee will take keen interest in asking the employer about his strengths and weaknesses and will try to match them with the opportunities and threats of the organization he is working with.Career Development Initiatives: †¢A periodic review should be done by the employer to discuss about the career plan †¢Employer and the manager should take active part in guiding the employees on the issues related to their career development. †¢Job Rotation should be done so that they may understand the variations in their responsibilities. †¢An effective performance appraisal programme should be done to h elp employee know about their lacking areas †¢Helping employees in identifying their skills, interest and values. †¢Helping employees in developing their career goals based on the needs of the organization. †¢Relating employee’s current performance with future potentials. Transfers ,Promotions ,Demotions/Termination, Relocation Services, Outplacement Services, Development Opportunity Announcements, promotion of CD Opportunities. †¢Encourage employees take more ownership for their own career development References: †¢1998, Archer North & Associatiates, Introduction to Performance Appraisal, http://www. performance-appraisal. com/intro. htm †¢A framework for HRM-Gary Dessler †¢HRM-An Introduction-Angelo S. DeNisi,Ricky W. Griffin †¢Human Resource Management-Principles and Practices-PG Aquinas †¢Human Resource Management-Theory and Practices-Tapomoy Deb †¢Terrence H. Murphy (2004-03-24) (PDF). Performance Appraisals. †¢T homas F. Patterson (1987). Refining Performance Appraisal. †¢www. rhemagroup. com †¢www. slideshare. com †¢www. usuhs. mil/chr/idp. pdf

Online gaming Essay

Is trying to attain the needs of the student with the new scheme of education. The K-12 entails the addition of Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) subject in grades 1, 2 and 3. Music is a colorful sound that we hear after birth. Playing music for infants in their first year provides for enhancement and benefit in future education. Music has different meaning to every individual. It works as a means of learning, relaxation, and fun. Everyday, young people spend more than four hours watching television, one hour using a computer and one hour of playing video games. No wonder why this era has become the â€Å"digital age†. We can also refer to the current era as a visual age. The demand for new abilities also transformed the workplace. â€Å"The secret sauce comes from our ability to integrate are, music and literature with the hard sciences, that’s what produces an iPod Revolution or a Google.† Friedman says. Today arts are needed by our young people as a means of expression, communication, exploration, and imagination. Arts help us strengthen the critical thinking skills. It also develops cognitive and creative skills. Physical Education plays a critical role in educating the whole student. Like other academic courses of study, physical education is based upon rigorous national standards that define what students should know and be able to do as a result of participation. It is unique to the school curriculum as it is the only program that provides students with opportunities to learn motor skills, develop fitness, and gain understanding about the importance of physical activity. Students will be provided an individualized, developmentally appropriate, and personally challenging instructional program that will advance the knowledge, confidence, skills, and motivation needed to engage in a lifelong, healthy, active lifestyle. In the propose study of the proponents, the students are going to apply and use the application not just for the entertainment but for them to learn on  something like any other word games. But with this study the students are expected to learn words from the subject itself. Statement of the Problem This study find answers to the following questions: 1. Can the new game be an effective tool for learning while keeping players entertained? 2. Can the new game be an effective way of teaching MAPEH and can it be equally effective for enhancing the critical thinking skills of the players? General Objectives The general objective of this study is to implement a word game that enables the learning of the MAPEH subject more exciting. By providing a learning environment that is exciting and entertaining, the hope is to increase learning effectiveness. This game will act as a future learning tool that will assist in the problems that teachers face in expanding a child’s vocabulary. The same can be said for a teacher trying to teach students where Cebuano is not their first language. This application can make players more determined to learn and to advance in the language by forming as many words as they can. It will let the players build and expand their vocabulary and strengthens the advantages of learning and playing this game. Specific Objectives To create an application that is effective in teaching MAPEH subject with fun ï‚ · To create an application that enhances the players’ critical thinking skills Conceptual Framework The concept of the game is that the player inputs the user name after the submission, the player has two options in selecting the type of game, whether a timed game or a non-timed game. If the player selects timed game, the player can select among the four categories; Music, Arts Physical Education, or Health. If the player selects random category, there will be two (2) minutes allotted time for the player to search for possible word/s and if the player find the word/s there will be an additional ten (10)  seconds added to the player’s remaining time. In non-timed game, there will be a leveling stage of difficulty and the player will construct for possible answer in every random category questions. There is a rule in giving hint, in non-timed game, there is a help button for words that were not yet found. The player can hit the hint button every twenty (20) seconds only to have discipline in using hint. The timed game scoring is based on the number of words find while the non-timed game ranking score is based the length of words found. To make the game more interesting and exciting, the proponents added a hall of fame list , wherein it has a ranking of the top 10 players displaying their statistics like longest word found and their achievements that they gain from timed and non-timed game. However, if the player wanted to quit the non-timed game, he can hit the menu button and quit. If the player losses in timed game, there will be a notification box that will pop-up in which the player could choose and decide whether to try again or quit the game and return to main menu. Figure 1.0 The process of the Gameplay Simulation Scope and Delimitation of the Study Scope The study focuses on developing a PC game application of a book worm style game where it contains many categories that are related to MAPEH subject such as Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health. This game, players can choose whether it is timed game or non-timed game. Players can play with different category such as Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health or player can choose a random category. This game has a time limit wherein the player needs to complete the word/s before the time ends. If they can answer questions then points will be given and will be placed in a ranking or players can quit the game and return to main menu. In timed game, players can choose different category or a random category. Players will get a score for every word and if they have the biggest scores they will be put first in a ranking. Delimitation The game will only delimit the following: o It will only focus on related MAPEH subject. o It will only cater 2D Graphics and does not project 3D graphics. o It will only use materials that are educational. All inappropriate topics will be excluded. Significance of the Study Students – This research is significant to the students that find MAPEH as a difficult subject. Teachers – This research is significant to the teachers for they will also learn new learning tools or other way on how to teach MAPEH subject. Players – This research is significant to anybody that plays games since this game can enhance the players critical thinking skills of the subject MAPEH . Future Researchers – Anybody that wished to create the same study can use this as a reference. They will find this helpful. Definition of Terms 2D computer graphics – 2D computer graphics are digital images that are computer-based. They include 2Dgeometric models, such as image compositions, pixel art, digital art, photographs and text. 2D graphics are used every day on traditional printing and drawing. Computer Gaming – Computer gaming is a type of video game playing that is played on a personal computer, rather than a dedicated video game console. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter contains the review of related literature and related studies that contains relevant and useful information in conducting the research. Related Literatures Study examines potential positive effects of video games Video games have become part of our life. All age groups have a varying degree of experience with video games. Most games have been made for entertainment purposes. Nowadays, there is increasing controversy over the effects of video games. Parents worry about the negative effects of computer gaming on children, they’ve emphasized on the violent behavior and addiction of computer games. However, there are some positive effects which could benefit a person from playing video games. According to Snodgrass (2011), an associate professor of anthropology at Colorado State, video games can have potential positive effects on people. This was researched by examining the  different types of video gaming experiences and the effects they can have on players’ lives, including their self-reported levels of stress, life satisfaction and happiness. In video games, players could develop avatars and complete tasks in cooperation with other players. The complex and highly interactive nature of the game can lead players to feel as though they have become part of a vividly compelling alternate universe. The American Psychological Association (APA) researchers assessed their problem-solving ability by examining the types of cognitive, goal-oriented, game-oriented, emotional and contextual statements they made. Younger children seem more interested in setting short-term goals for their learning in the game compared to older children who are more interested in simply playing and the actions of playing. (Ostrovsky, 2008) Bookworm Deluxe Bookworm deluxe has similar concepts to Mother Tongue Bookworm. The game utilizes 2D graphic visualization, from a grid of available letters; players connect letters to form words. As words are formed, they are removed from the grid and the remaining letters collapse to fill the available space. The players are given a board filled with lettered tiles, and they have to string them together to form words. The player get points for each word and longer words are worth more points. A major benefit of the game is that it increases a player’s vocabulary. (Mueller, 2005) Scrabble Scrabble has been around for more than half a century now. Scrabble is a word game in which two to four players score points by forming words from individual lettered tiles on a game board marked with a 15-by-15 grid. The words are formed across and down in crossword fashion and must appear in a standard dictionary. There are three ways in which the player could benefit from playing this game. One of which is that it builds vocabulary, second is it helps one improve spelling and lastly in developing the skill of anagramming. The game application made by the proponents used this game as inspiration for the board game concept. (Rooni, 2010) Boggle game Boggle game or most commonly known as word factory is a word game designed by Allan Turoff. The game is played using a plastic grid of lettered dice, in which players attempt to find words in sequences of adjacent letters. The game is intended to help children learn to recognize letters and words, to practice hand-eye coordination, and to learn the correct spellings of basic words. (Nickerson, 2007) Synthesis The above mentioned related literature and studies, the proponents viewed that the proposed game application would be feasible and would significantly help those students most specially Kindergarten to Grade 3 students who are under the K to 12 program of the Department of Education. Children nowadays have access to technology that was not available in previous generations and therefore they have a unique opportunity to use this technology to aid in how they learn. By reversing the negative effects of video games, there are benefits that could be gained by players while having fun at the same time. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY In this chapter, the proponents discussed the method used in this study and the different procedures in the development of the research. Moreover, it also included the research locale, design procedure, design instrument and the timeline of the study and how the gathered data collected and analyzed. http://www.sourcecodester.com/visual-basic/educational-computer-game-thesis.html

Nat Turner Rebellion Essay

The Nat Turner rebellion caused a great uproar in Virginia. The aftermath of the movement actually moved some in Virginia to push the ideas of gradual emancipation. With the intensity of the slavery issue at the time, this rebellion had the effect of causing a chain reaction in the Virginian society. The initial reaction of the white population after the rebellion is rather complicated. One thing to note is the power of rumors and their destructive influence. People in Virginia started going crazy, as these rumors incited mass hysteria. Whites in Virginia mobilized towards Southampton county, numbering roughly three thousand units. With an overall sense of panic, and increasingly terrorizing rumors, it is no wonder that there were so many atrocities done to the black population. Militia came into the area with preconceived ideas as to the extent of the rebellion, and with it they just started killing random blacks. In a hypocritical way, whites mutilated the bodies of their victims. Whites decapitated approximately fifteen supposed rebels in Murfreesboro with the heads placed on poles for everyone to see. What could cause people to see this as a good idea? It is fascinating that the incoming militia had the capacity to mirror the crimes that they were there to prevent. In the very area in which Nat Turner’s rebels murdered the Vaughn family, the head of a murdered black man was put on display. This reaction shows the deep hatred that some white men had for slaves. This aimless killing obviously could not continue for long, as peoples started to realize that their property was being destroyed. Monetary compensation was only given if a slave was executed under the law. Since slavers were a key economic asset, it was only appropriate that the suspected rebels should be tried in a court. With the death sentence being issued by a judge, the slave owner could be compensated, and the blood lust could be sated. Shifting toward a more appropriate action, the death sentence was typically more humane that the random murders seen initially. Reaction on the side of the law was obviously very hostile, since every judge was white and very much emotionally compromised on the situation. With the racial opinions and dehumanization of blacks, this court wouldn’t be the fairest, but it was better than previous actions taken on the black community. The judges expedited the hearings of suspected rebels, allowing little time for them to build a proper defense. As there was a great deal of prejudice towards them before the Nat Turner rebellion, black men faced a  considerable amount of abhorrence in the aftermath of the revolt. Not only did the free blacks feel so much pressure that many of them fled the area, but some even chose to go assist in the colonization of Liberia. One important thing to note is that Virginia even took away the right of blacks, slave and free, to preach or conduct religious meetings. This is interesting with the knowledge that this country was founded upon religious freedom. In the mind of slave holders, slavery needed tighter controls. Pent up emotions concerning the abolition movements likely caused some of the more extreme reactions to the Nat Turner rebellion. The fear of losing their property and way of life was a battle that the South had been fighting since the country was founded. Their livelihood depended on the protection of slavery. Publications like David Walker’s Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, likely caused quite a stir in the Southern population. In the mind of Governor Floyd, these abolitionists and black preachers were the main culprits behind the Nat Turner rebellion. In reading the document encompassing Nat Turner’s confession, there are some problems when analyzing the text. What has been left out is unknown. In a joint effort between Thomas Gray and Nat Turner, the confession was made to give at least some account of the rebellion. Both men likely hated each other, which would cause some communication issues during the interview. While Turner was the voice behind the confession, Gray was ultimately the one that structured it. Most of the article is the synopsis of events that occurred in Turner’s life, which appear to be his own voice. Throughout the document, Gray interjects his opinions, especially in denouncing Turner’s acts of violence. When Turner addresses his supposed ministry, Gray seems to be fill with loathing concerning Turner. Though he recognizes the vast intellect of Turner, Gray also describes Turner in a manner that shows an overall disposition of enmity.

MS Flight Simulator Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MS Flight Simulator - Research Paper Example Bruce Artwick started its development in 1977 and put it on the market for a range of computers with his company subLOGIC. Artwicks company certified Microsoft  a version of Flight Simulator known as  Microsoft Flight Simulator 1.00 in 1982 (Grupping, 2007). The Microsoft Flight Simulator gives its users the realistic experience of flying a plane. The aviation industry is making great use of the system for design and development and by training pilots and other flight deck crews in both military and civil aircraft (Anonymous, 2005). The newest versions, Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004  and  Microsoft Flight Simulator X, gratify pilots, would-be pilots and individuals who had dreamt of being pilots in similar fashion. While playing these, the new users can be frustrated due to its reality-based complex and difficult nature. But it can be rewarding for those who are skilled flight simmer. The latest versions also include enhanced weather simulation, alongside the ability to download real-world weather data and diverse air traffic environment with interactive  Air Traffic Control, player-flyable aircraft, interactive lessons and challenges, and finally aircraft checklists. Furthermore, there is availability of, both free and commercial upgrades and add-ons for flexibility and scope (Lackey,

Individual Conflict Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Conflict Assessment - Essay Example The essay "Individual Conflict Assessment" talks about the social conflict as a storm using personal example which is best described as disparate. If the interpersonal realm is like weather, the metrological forces in the atmosphere are like the behaviors people engage in to meet their needs and wants.Conflict in my family of origin is best described as disparate. It has been such that the meteorological forces of some have traditionally absorbed the sentiment of others, or that the continued momentum of some behaviors has overrun the momentum of others. Conflict in my family has often been asymmetrical. Personally, I have been feeling very stressed about conflict. I often feel that I am damned if I do and damned if I don’t. If someone takes issue with me and I do not resist, they will often press until they see what they believe to be capitulation. If someone takes issue with me and I object, they will often accuse me of being unruly or rude.Likewise, I often felt much stress ed about conflict within my family of origin. I often felt that my voice was not heard, that I was often framed, and that for me there was no real justice at home. When Mom and Dad were at work, it was survival of the fittest between the siblings present. Some days you were more fit than others, and sometimes you just didn’t have the strength to fight back. Mom and Dad rarely sided with me. I guess the stress comes from the knowledge that sometimes no one will be there to look out for you.

Read the case and answer the questions(1 pages) Essay

Read the case and answer the questions(1 pages) - Essay Example Whatever name it is called, this is corruption. It would have been easier and non-criminating if Kwong had let the local firm complete the deal on its behalf. The agent firm could have sealed the deal professionally like it had done before with their foreign companies without bribery featuring anywhere. Kwong should not pay the commission to the servant because it is an act of corruption. It is not only unethical, the rightful authorities can take action against him if discovered. 3. Canada has risen over years to become one of the top countries to introduce tough laws to fight foreign corruption. The OECD (Organization Co-operation and Development) recommends Canada for its latest momentum in fighting the vice. Ottawa has for the last decade been at the forefront in creating reforms to fight corruption through federal initiatives like Corruption of Foreign Public Official Act. In its part, the OECD approved an amendment to the law to ensure that the bribery offense also applies to all kinds of companies even where there are huge profits. This is one single most influential amendment made on the law since 1999. The OECD’s anti-bribery group, which promoted the adoption of the OECD convention to fight corruption in foreign officials, also made it clear that a proposed change also extend the country’s anti-bribery jurisdictional scope. This allows the RCMP to prosecute the officials committed by Canadian firms and the Canadians anywhere around the world without necessarily having to establish any connection to Canada. It would therefore not be a good idea to pay for the

Following the sub-prime crisis and the impact of 'Toxic' debt is there Essay

Following the sub-prime crisis and the impact of 'Toxic' debt is there a future for the securitization of commercial property - Essay Example But soon turbulence came with sudden loss of confidence within the securitization and financial engineering sector. The present statistical model for assessing & pricing credit risk can be blamed for the disastrous situation that engulfed the entire financial world. The most surprising fact about the crisis was that it originated in those countries which were believed to have the most efficient risk management technology. (Caprio, Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt & Kane, 2008, p. 2). With the unfolding of the crisis, the financial world witnessed a series of unpredicted and unprecedented events which uncovered the fault of AAA credit rating system used in UK banks for more than 150 years. The crisis, also known as meltdown, even highlighted the default of US safety net for covering major insurance banks; investment banking and government sponsored housing finance companies. Downfall in the major economic drivers led to sharp plunge in world wide stock and capital markets. This crisis soon migrated from US to other developed countries and economies like that of Australia, Ireland, and Germany. It can be estimated that the loss caused by this financial crisis lies in between the ranges of $1 trillion to $2 trillion (Caprio, Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt & Kane, 2008, p. 2). The crisis that engulfed the financial market since august 2007 had its origin in the housing mortgage market of the United States. Housing markets in other countries like Australia, Canada, Spain, and United Kingdom were also facing high rise in prices along with the highly leveraged mergers and acquisition. But none of these countries faced financial crisis due to the housing bubble, so this makes the fact clear that there were certain distinguished features with in the US housing finance system that gave birth to such enourmous financial crisis. The prime factors can be segregated as below: Housing construction peaked in the United

Who rules the internet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who rules the internet - Assignment Example The other view was that as it is inherent part of telecom, government control must be exercised. The major stakeholders were the 193 member states of the United Nations. Other stakeholders were private business, corporate world and the society at large. The Western group, led by United States, United Kingdom and Canada along with 55 other countries had opposed the draft treaty. They asserted that in the last 24 years, without UN regulation, internet has hugely benefitted society, giving significant economic boost to the global business and world economy. Thus, cyberspace and internet should not be controlled by individual states and its standards should be set by the private companies, citizens and the communities. The second group, comprising of China, Russia and some Gulf countries wanted greater control over internet as it uses telecom services and without regulation and rules, it could be misused by vested interests. In order to address the issues of the scenario, the team would have to look at the various perspectives of the internet and how individual states exercise control over it. It needs to conduct survey of the citizen groups across the world for their opinion on the issue raised during the conference. This would help the team to understand how internet promotes freedom of speech and how cyberspace maintains its own set of standards. The survey would also help establish the view of the majority and help understand how the individual states or the governments ensure that cyberspace complies with their laws. This would provide greater transparency to the existing checks and controls on internet which could then be used as fundamental plank to get consensus on widely used checks and control to restrict world wise misuse of the internet by vested interests. The two groups need to develop wider perspectives to

Major taste of technology or advancements of the world Essay

Major taste of technology or advancements of the world - Essay Example These tools included learning how to type, do power points, work excel, and surf the Internet for information. This is how I got my first major taste of technology or advancements of the world. Though technology is not only limited to computers but my first interaction with technology was way back when I first used the telephone later I also had the opportunity to use a cell phone which is another great leap by humans in communication technology and is still developing rapidly. In my opinion, technology is the development used by humans, in which they modify nature to meet their needs and wants. Most people, however, think of technology in terms of its artifacts, such as computers and software, aircraft, pesticides, water-treatment plants, birth-control pills, and microwave ovens, to name a few. But technology is more than these tangible products in my opinion. Technology has shaped the present of the human race, it is the key to development and growth. God gifted us with a prize named nature so now it's our duty to explore it and modify it in a sense that it helps us in numerous ways. Many including me sense that technology will help the humans in future for solving great complex phenomenon that are unexplained so far.

Legalizing marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legalizing marijuana - Essay Example A report put out by the Drug Reform Coordination Network in 2005 indicated that a group of at least 500 economists are pushing for legislation reform as a means of saving billions of dollars through a tax and regulation policy as opposed to the current elimination policy. In this report, a study conducted by Dr. Jeffrey Miron is cited as claiming legalized marijuana would provide significant savings in enforcement costs at both the federal and state levels and would generate significant income in the form of taxes. Together, it is suggested there would be a net savings of approximately $14 billion a year. Rather than proposing a specific course of action, these economists were instead calling for a national debate to be held to discuss legalization. â€Å"The fact that marijuana prohibition has these budgetary impacts does not by itself mean prohibition is a bad policy. Existing evidence, however, suggests prohibition has minimal benefits and may itself cause substantial harm† (DRCNet Foundation, 2005). It has been suggested that by legalizing drugs, property and many violent crimes would vastly decline. The resulting tax revenues from such measures would supply law enforcement with more resources resulting in a further reduction of crime and could also be used to fund drug prevention programs in the same way that alcohol and tobacco taxes presently do (Transform, 2005). America’s war against recreational drugs is an example of good intentions gone terribly wrong. While this country squanders billion dollars annually on the efforts to stop illegal drugs, trafficking and use continue. It has been said that trying to stop drugs is like trying to stop the rain. Over half of the prisoners in jail are there for drug ‘crimes.’ This causes overcrowding which results in the early release of dangerous, violent criminals. This creates more of a public safety problem than does drug use. It is illogical from a societal view and

A Worldview Definition Essay Example for Free

A Worldview Definition Essay A worldview is the way you interpret everything that happens around you and the rest of the world. Everyone has some sort of worldview whether it is conscious or subconscious. People have different worldviews and it can be affected by several different factors around them. A Biblical/Christian worldview is â€Å" It’s any ideology, philosophy, theology, movement or religion that provides an overarching approach to understanding God, the world and mans relations to God and the world, quoted by David Noebel, author of Understanding the Times. There are five questions that help justify our beliefs in the Christian/Biblical worldview. The first is the Question of Origin, which is how did life begin? In Genesis 1:1 and Psalms 139:13-16 it tells us about the beginning and the reason for all of creation. The second is the Question of Identity. Identity asks the question, who are we? Genesis 1:27 and Jeremiah 1:5 are scriptures that cover the question of Identity. Both tell us that we were made in Gods image and that before we were created we were appointed a prophet to the nations. The Third question is the Question of Meaning/Purpose. This question is asking why we are here. Everyone is born with a purpose for life. John 17:3 states we were put on earth so that we may come to know God. Another scripture is Galatians 5:13-14 which states we were called unto liberty by love to serve one another. The fourth question is the Question of Morality. The Question of Morality asks what is meant by right and wrong or good and bad? Ephesians 2:9-10 states that following Jesus is the best way to have righteous morals. When you follow Jesus, not men you don’t have to worry about what is right or wrong, you know! Acts 5:29 Peter and the Apostles say â€Å"we must obey God rather than men.† The last question is the Question of Destiny. The Question of Destiny asks is there life after death. A scripture that everyone knows that refers to destiny is John 3:16, it says â€Å"should not perish but have everlasting life.† The book of Revelations talks a lot about Destiny, a scripture that goes along with that is Revelation 21:3-5. In those scriptures it tells about how there will be life after death and no more crying or pain. The biblical worldview influences me to always do what Jesus would do and treat people the way I would want to be treated. I have been raised under those sayings and I raise my kids under them also.

University and Research Essay Example for Free

University and Research Essay Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Having spent 40 years in universities, I have had sufficient time to consider some of the idiosyncrasies, foibles and problems of these academic institutions. The purpose of this editorial is to discuss the current state of university research and explain why I find some aspects of the current situation disturbing. Changes that started during the second half of the 20th century and that have continued into the 21st threaten to bring about fundamental changes in the nature of universities. Some of the changes are commendable, for example, the large expansion in the proportion of the population attending universities, at least in the richer nations. Other trends are disturbing, especially the increasing tendency of governments and industry to view universities as engines for short-term economic gain. While universities certainly cannot ignore the context in which they function and the needs of society, responding purely to short-term economic considerations threatens to subvert the very nature of universities and some of the benefits they provide to society. So what exactly is a university and what is its purpose? I much prefer the Oxford English Dictionary definition of the word â€Å"university† to some of the more utilitarian definitions in other dictionaries. The Oxford definition reads, in part, â€Å"whole body of teachers and scholars engaged in the higher branches of learning. † Thus, it is the community of faculty and students that is the essence of a university. The higher branches of learning in which teachers and scholars engage have 2 important products: the educated minds that are essential for the well-being of society, and new knowledge and ideas. Some of that new knowledge will enrich society by producing economic growth, directly or indirectly, but the benefits of new knowledge go far beyond economic gain. Universities have always been subjected to outside influences. The oldest European university, the University of Bologna, has existed at least since the 1080s. Some time before 1222, about 1000 students left Bologna and founded a new university in Padua because of â€Å"the grievous offence that was brought to bear on their academic liberties and the failure to acknowledge the privileges solemnly granted to teachers and students. †1 The outside interference came from the Roman Catholic Church, and, for several centuries, Padua was home to the only university in Europe where non-Catholics could get a university education. Both Bologna and Padua were student-controlled universities with students electing the professors and fixing their salaries. However, in spite of marked differences, there are similarities between what happened then and what is happening today, with important outside influences — then the dogma of religion, now the dogma of business — threatening to change the activities of the community of teachers and scholars. The seeds of what is happening now were sown in the years following World War II. Before the war the most important influence on a faculty member was probably the departmental chair, who in those days had power to influence in an important way what went on in the department. Nonetheless, a faculty member would have had access to departmental resources and would not necessarily have required outside research funding (although such funding was sometimes available from private foundations). The mechanism of funding research, and the amount of money available for research, changed greatly in the postwar years. In 1945, Vannevar Bushs landmark report to President Harry Truman, Science the Endless Frontier,2 had an important influence on university research. In this report, Bush stated, â€Å"The publicly and privately supported colleges, universities, and research institutes are the centers of basic research. They are the wellsprings of knowledge and understanding. As long as they are vigorous and healthy and their scientists are free to pursue the truth wherever it may lead, there will be a flow of new scientific knowledge to those who can apply it to practical problems in Government, in industry, or elsewhere. † Bush supported the idea that the US government should provide strong financial support for university research, but also supported the idea that the individual investigator should be the main determinant of the topics for investigation, with statements such as â€Å"Scientific progress on a broad front results from the free play of free intellects, working on subjects of their own choice, in the manner dictated by their curiosity for exploration of the unknown. †2 In the latter half of the last century, many countries adopted the model of granting councils, which used a system based on peer review to distribute money for investigator-initiated research. This model has been a great success, but it has also contributed to important changes in universities. Much more money has been available to support medical research, basic science research and engineering research than has been available for the social sciences or arts. Thus, decisions about support for different disciplines devolved from the universities to governments, who decided on the budgets of their various grant-giving bodies. Also, individual researchers who were successful in obtaining grants no longer depended as much on departmental facilities. In my opinion, this not only weakened the power of departmental chairs but also decreased collegiality within departments. With increased enrolments, as a university education became accessible to a greater proportion of the population, and an increased need for infrastructure for the larger student population and for complex research equipment, administrators became more concerned about sources of funding and consequently more detached from the faculty. There is always a tendency for senior academic administrators to speak and behave as though they were the university (when of course they are there to serve the community of teachers and scholars). This is of course a normal human trait, no different from the tendency of politicians to forget that they are elected to serve the people. However, this increasing detachment of senior university administrators from the faculty has facilitated the erosion of collegiality within departments and universities. The individual personalities of university faculty probably also facilitated this change. I learned recently, when looking at the literature on personality, that an inverse correlation between intelligence and conscientiousness has been demonstrated in a number of studies (see, for example, Moutafi et al3). Thus, it might be more than just my paranoia leading me to believe that the small proportion of university faculty who lack conscientiousness and collegiality is larger than in some other walks of life. The erosion of collegiality is not a matter of great significance, except that it probably played a role in making researchers more open to the efforts of governments to transform them into entrepreneurs. The most recent and possibly the most important change in university research resulted from the push by governments to commercialize the results of such research. In the United States, the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 encouraged universities to license to private industry discoveries made with federal funds. 4 The push by governments for commercialization of new knowledge grew during the 1980s and 1990s and continues to have an important influence on universities. Recently, Lord Sainsbury, the science and innovation minister in the United Kingdom, boasted that there had been a cultural change in universities there, which has resulted in a substantial increase in university spin-offs. 5 In 2002 the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada entered an agreement with the government to double the amount of research performed by these institutions and to triple their commercialization performance by 2010. 6 Although this agreement was reached in the absence of any broad consultation with the faculty who are supposed to commercialize their work, the universities seem to be well on track to achieve this objective, with a 126% increase in revenues from licence royalties between 1999 and 2001. 7Most major universities now have a technology transfer office, and at many universities success in commercialization is taken into account when faculty are considered for tenure. Will there come a time when success in commercialization carries the same weight as (or more weight than) teaching and research in the awarding of tenure? The end result of all the changes discussed above is that individual faculty members have become much more like entrepreneurs whose main allegiance is to the maintenance or growth of their own research programs and not infrequently to the commercialization of their research. The researcher exploring Vannevar Bushs â€Å"endless frontier† could be considered the modern equivalent of the homesteader taming the seemingly endless frontier of the 19th century American West. 8 This is not necessarily detrimental if a new generation of university research entrepreneurs provides the new knowledge that will benefit patients and society. However, the change in culture that made university faculty more like entrepreneurs also made them more open to the desire of governments to make them entrepreneurs in the economic sense. Although the nature of universities has been changing, there was no threat to the fundamental nature of universities until the drive for commercialization began. A recent report of the Canadian Association of University Teachers9 states that university administrators have been â€Å"building increasingly hierarchical management structures† that â€Å"place the future of academic medicine in danger. † The reports main concern is that â€Å"incentives to create commercializable products push economic concerns, rather than scientific and ethical considerations, to the forefront. †9In the fields of biologic psychiatry and behavioural neuroscience the emphasis on  commercial applications has already, to some extent, moved research priorities away from an emphasis on mental well-being to an emphasis on commercial products. There are many examples of this shift. For example, more research is being carried out on antidepressant drugs than on psychotherapy, even though in mild to moderate depression (the majority of cases) drugs and psychotherapy are approximately equal in efficacy. There is increasing evidence for the efficacy of exercise10,11 and fish oils12,13 in the treatment and prevention of depression. However, these strategies receive much less attention than antidepressant drugs. Even an established antidepressant treatment such as S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe)14 receives little attention. Searching the abstracts of the 2004 meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, I found 179 with the key word â€Å"antidepressant† and only 4 with the key word â€Å"S-adenosylmethionine,† and none of those 4 was concerned with the antidepressant action of SAMe. SAMe is a major methyl donor and seems to work in a fundamentally different way from any product being investigated by drug companies. Surely we could expect that an antidepressant acting through a different mechanism would be a popular topic of investigation. However, SAMe is a natural product and not of commercial interest. Similarly, insights into what exercise or fish oils do to the brain may provide important insights into the pathophysiology of depression and its treatment, but these subjects receive little attention. Many basic science researchers investigating the mechanisms of antidepressants produced by drug companies do not receive funding from those companies. However, enough are lured by drug company research funds into working on topics of interest to the companies to significantly influence what are fashionable topics of research. Laboratories with funding from industry can often afford more trainees, who may then adopt a more industry-centred approach in their own research. While the availability of funds from industry has certainly influenced research, the pressure on university faculty to commercialize the results of their research will undoubtedly cause even greater distortion in the areas of research that are most popular. Granting agencies have increasingly tried to foster research in neglected areas by allocating funds to specific areas of research and requesting applications in those areas. Although this approach is certainly necessary, it has not done much to alter the effects of drug company money on research output. Also, in some ways it moves research even further away from the ideal in Vannevar Bushs report that â€Å"Scientific progress on a broad front results from the free play of free intellects, working on subjects of their own choice, in the manner dictated by their curiosity for exploration of the unknown. †2 This model was notably successful in the last half of the 20th century, but it may not survive the pressure to commercialize. While there is still much scope for curiosity-driven research, the curiosity of researchers is likely to be aligned increasingly with the interests of drug companies. As mentioned above, a cultural change has accompanied the increasing commercialization of university research. The pressure to commercialize has been critiqued in some quarters, but many university faculty have nonetheless embraced commercialization, or at least remained unconcerned about it. Are we far from a time when a researcher without a patent that is being commercialized will be regarded in the same way as those who do not publish regularly in the top journals? And how long will it be before governments make commercialization a mandate of granting councils and a requirement for the majority of grants? A fascination with the workings of the brain and how it can malfunction in mental illness is the usual motivator for researchers in neuroscience and psychiatry research. As a result, curiosity-driven research will always tend to serve the best interests of patients. Although research driven by commercial interests will certainly benefit psychiatric patients in some ways, it cannot serve their overall needs, as it is much too narrowly focused. The designation of funds by granting agencies for specific neglected topics will help but is unlikely to produce any large changes in the direction of research. Thus, the biggest losers from the pressure to commercialize will be psychiatric patients. In addition I am concerned whether students who are trained to focus on the short-term commercial implications of their research will be able to maintain the breadth of vision that is a characteristic of the majority of creative researchers. Changes due to pressure from governments to commercialize are not limited to researchers. The increased emphasis on commercialization in universities has in some ways distorted the perceptions of senior university administrators about the purpose of the institutions. For example, there seems to be a lack of concern about some of the sources of funds that universities receive. Universities now hold patents on many life-saving drugs. These patents sometimes limit access to the drugs, particularly in low-income countries. 15 In Canada, one-quarter of the faculties of medicine receive funding from the tobacco industry. 16 Perhaps a suitable future definition of a university will be a â€Å"whole body of teachers and scholars engaged in turning ideas into profit. † In 13th century Italy the response to interference by the Roman Catholic Church in the work of scholars was a move to another location to escape the interference. In the 21st century that option is not available even to the minority who are concerned about the drive to commercialize. However, the picture is not entirely bleak. Charitable foundations will remain immune to commercial interests. In addition, even though charitable foundations will probably remain relatively small players in the funding of research, there are promising signs. For example, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, created in 2000, has an endowment of about US$27 billion and is striving to use its money for the benefit of humankind in areas neglected by governments. This foundation is not involved in psychiatric research, but its focus on preventive approaches may help to direct interest to that important area. Research on prevention in psychiatry is still in its infancy and will certainly remain that way if short-term commercial considerations stay paramount. However, charitable foundations cannot be expected to have any large effect on the change in university culture brought about by the drive to commercialize. Although I would like to be able to end this editorial on a more hopeful note, I am concerned about these cultural changes, and I do not see any solution. Still, one lesson from history is that the communities of teachers and scholars making up universities have adapted to many changes over the centuries without changing the fundamental nature of universities, and they will surely continue to do so. I am just not sure how. Go to: - Footnotes Competing interests: None declared. Correspondence to: Dr. Simon N. Young, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave. W, Montreal QC H3A 1A1; fax 514 398-4370; simon. [emailprotected] ca Go to: - References 1. History. Padua (Italy): Universita Degli Studi di Padova. Available:www. unipd. it/en/university/history. htm (accessed 2004 Dec 13). 2. Bush V. Science the endless frontier. A report to the President by Vannevar Bush, Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, July 1945. Washington: US Government Printing Office; 1945. Available: www. nsf. gov/od/lpa/nsf50/vbush1945. htm (accessed 2004 Dec 13). 3. Moutafi J, Furnham A, Paltiel L. Why is conscientiousness negatively correlated with intelligence? Pers Individ Differ 2004;37:1013-22. 4. Thursby JG, Thursby MC. Intellectual property. University licensing and the Bayh-Dole Act. Science2003;301:1052. [PubMed] 5. Sainsbury L. A cultural change in UK universities [editorial]. Science2002;296:1929. [PubMed] 6. Allan Rock welcomes framework on federally funded university research [press release]. Toronto: Industry Canada; 2002 Nov 19 [modified 2003 Jun 16]. Available:www. ic. gc. ca/cmb/welcomeic. nsf/558d636590992942852564880052155b/85256a220056c2a485256c76004c7d44 (accessed 2004 Dec 13). 7. Berkowitz P. Spinning off research: AUCC sets new tool to measure universities commercialization performance. Univ Aff [serial online] 2004;June/July. Available:www. universityaffairs. ca/issues/2004/junejuly/print/spinningoff. html (accessed 2004 Dec 13). 8. Kennedy D. Enclosing the research commons [editorial]. Science2001;294:2249. [PubMed] 9. Welch P, Cass CE, Guyatt G, Jackson AC, Smith D. Defending medicine: clinical faculty and academic freedom. Report of the Canadian Association of University Teachers (CAUT) Task Force on Academic Freedom for Faculty at University-Affiliated Health Care Institutions. Ottawa: Canadian Association of University Teachers; 2004 Nov. Available:www. caut. ca/en/issues/academicfreedom/DefendingMedicine. pdf (accessed 2004 Dec 21). 10. Salmon P. Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: a unifying theory. Clin Psychol Rev2001;21:33-61. [PubMed] 11. Depression: management of depression in primary and secondary care. Clinical guideline 23. London (UK): National Institute for Clinical Excellence; 2004 Dec. Available:http://www. nice. org. uk/pdf/CG023NICEguideline. pdf (accessed 2005 Mar 8). 12. Nemets B, Stahl Z, Belmaker RH. Addition of omega-3 fatty acid.

Alternative Careers in Law

Alternative Careers in Law Having a law degree offers a world of opportunities. You dont have to be solely a solicitor. One area you can choose to look at is become a barrister. Barrister If youre not too fond of working with the public and just want to specialize and work mostly in the court room, then being a barrister would be a good choice. Barristers are usually hired by solicitors to help them in creating legal arguments that will convince the juries to side with case of the solicitor. The way barristers summarize the reasons why the court should rule in favor of their client can also be a big help in supporting the case of the solicitor they are assisting. Another thing that barristers do is to cross-examine witnesses. Great barristers can sway or influence the courts decision towards their perspective. Another task that barristers do is to do legal research and turn them into opinions, legal documents, and legal briefs that solicitors can use to strengthen their cases. To succeed in being a barrister, youll need to be very detail oriented, highly analytical and logical. These skills will serve you well in building a career in this niche. Paralegal Another field to look at is being a paralegal. Youll be working closely with solicitors and carry out administrative and support work. This includes preparing documents and doing research for the client cases. Depending on the size of the law firm you work with, your responsibilities could vary. In smaller firms, youll play bigger roles such as client interviewing and casework. Being a paralegal can lead you to a training contract if being a solicitor is ultimately you decide to become. So while youre still not sure about being a solicitor, you can start small and be a paralegal first. Legal Information Professional If you love law and books, you can work in the libraries of the solicitors, or specialist libraries that cater to lawyers. You can also choose to work in the libraries of law schools or colleges. You will do legal research and manage the resources of the library. It will also involve training of lawyers who want to understand how to maximize the use of the library. This work will need some technological know-how as libraries of today maximize technology to make research and support services more efficient. This role would also be perfect for you if youre more introverted and dont want to deal too much with the public or the dramas of the court room. Your role as a legal information professional might also include managing the website of the law firm and their social media platforms like Twitter. Tax consultant Another area you could explore would be to become a tax consultant. There are so much rules and legal information about taxes that you could maximize your law degree especially if you specialized in commerce law. The advantage of getting some mastery of taxation in the UK or Europe is that you become more versatile. You can do work related to mergers and acquisitions and wealth management planning. Your skills would also be needed by businesses when they do tax planning structures, especially now that Brexit is on the horizon. You will also become more indispensable as accountancy firms will find your skills attractive and hire you knowing that you have both legal and taxation specializations. Licensed Conveyancer If you like dealing and specializing in properties, then becoming a licensed conveyancer will be ideal for you. As a licensed conveyancer, your work delves in the legal parts of property transactions. Your work will entail giving legal advice to your clients and preparing contracts and leases. In this field of work, you work with other professionals in the property market such as real estate agents, bank lending officers and other lawyers. Your law degree would definitely be useful in the property market as you can work in the legal department of banks, building societies and housing associations. Trade mark attorney This one is perfect for those who who wants to specialize in something very relevant and in demand right now plus being exposed to the broad side of business rather than just strictly focusing on legal matter. As a trade mark attorney, you need to have sufficient knowledge on areas such as copyright, unfair competition, common law and industrial designs. Your work will involve on providing advisory work in the registration of trade marks of your clients. Copyright infringement is so widespread these days that your services will be very important as you can provide advisory on how your clients can prevent infringing the rights of other companies or if other companies are liable for copyright infringement of your clients brands. If there is, you can work with solicitors on pursuing litigation to get some damages from the culprits. Trade mark attorneys can also work in mergers and acquisitions when there are transfers of ownership, licenses, trade marks and brand names involved. Court Clerk If you want to work closely with justices and magistrates, you might want to become a court clerk. They ensure the efficient running of the courts and justice administration. You also need to do court related admin work such as arranging court time and payment of fines. If you persevere in this niche, you can eventually become a justices chief executive. Arbitrator Another field you can explore is arbitration. There are often a lot of industrial and commercial disputes where your services as an arbitrator would be very useful. As an arbitrator, you act as an impartial third party judge to create resolutions that will be accepted by both parties. You will need to be good at interviewing the parties and witnesses so that you can get the necessary facts to create a fair judgment on the dispute. A law degree is indeed a very versatile degree as it offers you many choices for your career. You dont need to be stuck in one area. If you want to grow and explore other niches, a law degree offers you significant opportunities to do so.

Contrasting Perspectives on Horse’s Representation in Various Media Ven

Horses are valued by humans for the past million of years. Humans began to domesticate horses due to their ability to modulate with their environment. Horses' anatomy enables them to use of speed to escape predators. They have a well-developed sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight instinct. Most domesticated horses begin training under saddle or in harness between the ages of two and four. The average life span of horses is approximately between 25 and 30 years. Horse breeds are based on general temperament. Spirited speed and endurance. Horses and humans intermingle in a wide variety of working activities such as police work, agriculture, entertainment, and therapy. Horses were historically used in warfare, from which a wide variety of riding. Many products are derived from horses, including meat, hide, and hair. Humans provide domesticated horses with food, water. and shelter. Horses are valued by humans in many ways and many forms of media such as Disney and the tale of Sprit, Hippotherapy, a form of rehabilitative therapy, and the tale of the Trojan horse. . Disney has made films regarding horses such as Sprit. It is about a mustang stallion that grows up to proudly succeed his father as leader of the Cimarron herd in the Wild West. When they reach the Dakota Territory, Sprit gets curious and a cowboy catches him and sells him to the United States cavalry. The cavalry uses a method of training by breaking a horse. This method fails with sprit. Spirit is captured by a brave and escapes on his back. He also tricks him to a coral with his beloved mare, but shows respect and wins some trust. As the railroad arrives, the Indian village is wrecked and Spirit gets captured for use as a draft-horse. When the stallion... ... and occasionally, horses are trained to perform without a bridle or other headgear. Many horses are also driven, which requires a harness, bridle, and some type of vehicle. Horse are valued by human in the past and will be in the future by all aspect horses are used to help human gain an increase in function in a variety of traditions and existing methods. Works Cited Association, A. H. (n.d.). Hippotherapy Researh and Supportive Evidance . Retrieved November 1, 2010, from American Hippotherapy Association . Greek Myths in Order of Publication. (n.d.). Retrieved November 1 1, 2010, from Storynory LTD: http://storynory.com/category/greek-myths/ Kelly Asbury, L. C. (Director). (2002). Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002) [Motion Picture]. Viegas, J. (Director). (2010). Horses Never Forget Human Friends [Television Picture].

An Ethnographic Study on Children’s Culture :: Sociology, Childhood, Culture

Children spend most of their time in institutions such as schools, learning, in order to provide themselves with the education they need to make their dreams come true. Children view these institutions as a space for sociability where they can form bonds with others, outside their families, as they create and spread their own distinctive culture (McDonnell 26). As a reading buddy at Brooksview Middle School, the knowledge I acquired while there was fascinating as it allowed me to reflect upon my own experiences and relate it to what we were learning in the course. Observing firsthand and note taking allows a researcher to examine the practices of children’s culture more efficiently and this is what I spent most of my Monday afternoon’s doing. Although these institutions are there to help children succeed, they also deny them access to their own culture which may prohibit them from becoming â€Å"fully human† (Friere 28). Viewing childhood as a culture allows one to understand why children view culture so differently from adults (McDonnell 22). At institutions such as Brooksview, children are denied access on a number of things and are assumed to be incapable of making their own rational decisions. Due to the institution’s location, the teachers and principle are extremely strict with the children on how they should act, giving them standards which may deny children from accessing their own culture. This influences these children to act in certain ways, ways in which they believe the society wants them to act. This is shown one day when I attended an assembly regarding the failing rate of the grade sixes. Throughout the assembly, the principle was educating the children on how they should behave in school which led him to his point that the cause of the failing rate (60%) was because of the â€Å"coloured† kids (Appendix, Day 6). This is similar to the experiment that is being tested on Octavian in the novel Octavian Nothing Traitor to the Nation. Due to Brooksview’s location and Octavian’s skin colour, people will presume that black people will fail, especially in practices such as education. â€Å"†¦ African is, by nature, (a) shiftless and (b) rebellious, requiring constant supervision to remain productive†¦ You have done us a wonderful service, through your failure.† (Anderson 337). This possibly will affect a child’s approach within their society as it may alter their perspective on how they should act rather than how they want to act; changing for the sake of others.

Tuite’s Literary Criticism of Lewis’ The Monk Essay -- Monk

Tuite’s Literary Criticism of Lewis’ The Monk I would like to preface this by saying that one of the things I learned from this exercise is that, just because an article exists in published form, does not necessarily mean that it is a good article. This is the conclusion I reached after plowing, dictionary in hand, through two articles that were, respectively, ridiculously elementary after one hacked through the jargon, and entirely absurd and unsupported. Disheartened, I went searching again, and this time, came up with "Cloistered Closets: Enlightenment Pornography, The Confessional State, Homosexual Persecution and The Monk," by Clara Tuite, and it is this article that I am writing about. Tuite's only fault in this article is perhaps that she tries to tackle too much. (Something else I'm discovering as I try to summarize it.) Essentially, she tries to prove the existence of visible homoerotic elements in The Monk, and their link to antiCatholicism. No small feat. She quotes Coleridge in his review of The Monk as saying, the novel blends "with an irreverent negligence, all that is most awfully true in religion with all that is most ridiculously absurd in superstition" (1). The reason this is problematic for Coleridge, according to Tuite, is that it reveals the inherent hypocrisy in the English Church, that is, that the Church condemns, with superstitious intensity, the rituals and superstitions of the Catholic Church. Coleridge fears, "Lewis' contamination of Protestantism by Catholicism" (2). Since at this time a great deal of the English State/Church depended on the assumption that Catholicism was low and wrong and Protestantism the ultimate right, the parallels draw n between Protestantism and Catholicism by Lewis were ... ...Lewis attempts, through this, to disassociate homosexuality with Catholicism, thereby trying to make a Hated Other, at least hated only once over, not twice (9). This, I thought, was an excellent article. Tuite has some very good points, which explained, at least partially, some of the questions I had as to Lewis' intentions with the homoerotic elements in the novel, which to my mind, he had included, but never really developed. Essentially, Tuite clarified for me why, though Ambrosio commits every other kind of sinful" excess, this is one he leaves untouched. And I think she proves a very valid argument. Works Cited Tuite, Clara. "Cloistered Closets: Enlightenment Pornography, The Confessional Sate, Homosexual Persecution anal The Monk." Romanticism On the Net 8 (November 1997): n. pag. Online. Internet. (4/5/98) http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/closet.html Tuite’s Literary Criticism of Lewis’ The Monk Essay -- Monk Tuite’s Literary Criticism of Lewis’ The Monk I would like to preface this by saying that one of the things I learned from this exercise is that, just because an article exists in published form, does not necessarily mean that it is a good article. This is the conclusion I reached after plowing, dictionary in hand, through two articles that were, respectively, ridiculously elementary after one hacked through the jargon, and entirely absurd and unsupported. Disheartened, I went searching again, and this time, came up with "Cloistered Closets: Enlightenment Pornography, The Confessional State, Homosexual Persecution and The Monk," by Clara Tuite, and it is this article that I am writing about. Tuite's only fault in this article is perhaps that she tries to tackle too much. (Something else I'm discovering as I try to summarize it.) Essentially, she tries to prove the existence of visible homoerotic elements in The Monk, and their link to antiCatholicism. No small feat. She quotes Coleridge in his review of The Monk as saying, the novel blends "with an irreverent negligence, all that is most awfully true in religion with all that is most ridiculously absurd in superstition" (1). The reason this is problematic for Coleridge, according to Tuite, is that it reveals the inherent hypocrisy in the English Church, that is, that the Church condemns, with superstitious intensity, the rituals and superstitions of the Catholic Church. Coleridge fears, "Lewis' contamination of Protestantism by Catholicism" (2). Since at this time a great deal of the English State/Church depended on the assumption that Catholicism was low and wrong and Protestantism the ultimate right, the parallels draw n between Protestantism and Catholicism by Lewis were ... ...Lewis attempts, through this, to disassociate homosexuality with Catholicism, thereby trying to make a Hated Other, at least hated only once over, not twice (9). This, I thought, was an excellent article. Tuite has some very good points, which explained, at least partially, some of the questions I had as to Lewis' intentions with the homoerotic elements in the novel, which to my mind, he had included, but never really developed. Essentially, Tuite clarified for me why, though Ambrosio commits every other kind of sinful" excess, this is one he leaves untouched. And I think she proves a very valid argument. Works Cited Tuite, Clara. "Cloistered Closets: Enlightenment Pornography, The Confessional Sate, Homosexual Persecution anal The Monk." Romanticism On the Net 8 (November 1997): n. pag. Online. Internet. (4/5/98) http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/closet.html

Ideas inside of us

Wearing headphones or earphones, turning on favorite songs are the best ways to escape from these distractions. Many studies show that some genres of music such as Jazz or Baroque could help the brain signals processing faster. For instance, when listening to a Jazz song, I feel happier, more relaxed and reducing stress. Music really helps my mind regain the energy that I easily continue focusing on the work. The human brain is very smart, but it is also lazy to concentrate for a long time. When doing one thing for a long time, the brain feel bored, hence it easily gets off the track.Some student share experiences that when they focus on study for two or three hours, they feel hardly to keep their mind going on the lesson. Different changes happened however, when they listen to music that helps everything back to its orbit. As a result, music really helps students kept their concentration on studying. Another advantage of listening to music is that music can helps students get creati ve ideas while studying. From joy to ad from happiness to despair, music really has a special ability to leading our emotions.If I need to write a sympathy essay sharing the sorrow with people dying on the war, I should choose a blues ballad song to listen while writing. If am solving an equation in algebra, I need to find a little hard rock of Linking park. Music can simulate students' creativity as a cup of coffee. Listening to music while studying could help students get ideas that they might not realize before. If you want to find something to boost your creative, do not think bout coffee but try some music, it is truly a healthy caffeine medicine for our students.Music leads the emotion and emotion paves the way for creative ideas inside of us. Sometime, you stuck with a problem, find no way to escape the cycle, so you need something helping you get out of that. Let turn on the cellophane, and play some Pop, ideas will come to you. As can be seen, music is an effective medicine helps us get ideas that are more creative. One other advantage of listening to music while studying is that it helps students have a better memory. Our studies prove that Classical or Zen music can help students easily remember the numbers in math or years of history.Music has the ability to transport our memory back in time just like a time machine. Some formulas or sequences students have studied for a long time might be forgotten. Now, they are recalled exactly as learned yesterday thanks for Classical music. Some students cannot remember and revise what they learned because they are under the pressures of the test ahead. In that case, listening to Zen music could release the pressure, slow the heartbeat and inspires students' confidence that help them recall their memories better.Moreover, students will not be bored or stressed when dealing with a long night trying to revise some ideas for a presentation. With a good mood from music, they can better learn facts and lectures tha t they confront for a presentation. Also, fast music affects students' abilities to remember things out loud. In the same way, slow music helps students think more deeply and keep this information in students' memories. Therefore, music is really a helpful tool for students' memories.

Gulliver’s Fifth Voyage

I had been immobile for much too long and I was yearning to begin another great voyage when I decided that I would go due west to investigate the civilisation that dwelled there. It was mid-summer and my ship was to set out from Dover. I boarded the ship and was greeted by an old man, with a potbelly and crooked nose, accompanied by a scar from left ear to left eye. This, I assumed was my captain. I had been totally worn out by my long journey and inquired where my quarters would be, and the captain offered to show me himself. As we went below decks, there was less light, but I could still see where I was going. The captain went to a door that opened into a quite spacious cabin, with a bunk on the far wall, and a mahogany desk beside the door. With that, the captain left saying, ‘I hope everything is to your satisfaction, sir, and that you have a pleasant rest. ‘ This was the last I saw of the man. When I awoke the next morning, as I was about to take a walk along the coastline, I could see a sheet of bags scattered for miles with the words ‘Walkers', ‘Tayto' printed on them and round cans with ‘Coca Cola' wrote on it. I had never seen anything like this before; it must have been a way for the people who lived here to make it more decorative looking. Although I could see people in the distance pointing and shaking their head, theses people must have thought different. All I could see around me was a mass of round towering buildings, with thick, black smoke belting out of them and people coughing vigorously. It must have been their way off appreciating these works of art. I was aroused from my gaze by a deep, commanding voice, which was barking at me, ‘Who the hell are you? And where the hell are you from? ‘ I turned and saw that I was surrounded by a group of men, dressed in green garments, each holding a form of musket in their arms. I told the man who had barked at me that I was travelling the world and making journals on my findings. I told him that I would like to explore his country further. He agreed to show me around parts of the country, as much as he could. He introduced himself to be Pat Kenwood. As we moved further into the city, I felt more and more alienated as everyone stopped and stared at me. I felt depressed, as there was not a single person there like me. But then we came to this dark, dull street, quite unlike the rest of the city. As we walked on all I could see were people covered in filth, with their hands out, begging for food or money. I was astonished as people were actually giving them it. It was so jealous as these people were getting food for nothing, such an ingenious idea. I asked Pat why these people were living like this, and was told that the government has not the money to do anything for these people but instead they needed the it for the war effort. This seemed an excellent way to spend the money. We walked on for another mile or so, when I was startled by Pat yelling and pointing at what seemed to me like a tent with huge poles pushing out from the top of it. I asked what this monstrosity was and was given the reply that it was the Millennium Dome. I could see there was another one off those homeless people being dragged away. You wouldn't think it, but it only cost i800million to build. It was a way for the people to celebrate the new Millennium. Firstly I was shocked too that it only cost i800million. He explained to me that its main function was only to bring in the New Year and that after that it is virtually useless. Wow, i800million on a building that is only designed for one nights entertainment, it must have been some night. Then it struck me. He said Millennium and when I asked about this he replied, ‘You know, the year 2000. ‘ I was greatly disturbed by this, as I still believed it to be the 18th Century. When I had overcome the slight illness I began to feel, Pat offered to take me to a place called a ‘Cafi' where we would get a drink of tea. Pat explained to me that this was no ordinary, but an Internet Cafi. I was interested by these new contraptions called ‘Computers' I think. According to Pat they where designed to make books a thing of the past. I asked him to show me how to operate one, he handed me a book saying ‘Here's the manual, read it, and you'll know what to do†¦ ‘ The book was quite heavy, yet colourful, but it was confusing to me as it mentioned things like ‘keyboards' and ‘modems' and I had no what these things where. What intelligence, designing some thing to do away with books, yet you need to read a book to know how to work the thing. These people were even more disturbing than those from the Land of Lilliput. As we left the Cafi we found it hard to cross as there were so many mechanical machines known as ‘cars' moving up and down at intense speeds. I thought it remarkable that these machines don't knock down people but Pat corrected me by stating that people do get knocked down by these all the time, but only twenty-four have died this year. This seemed a small price to pay for such marvellous invention but out off know where we heard a loud thud and people screaming. There was somebody lying on the ground face-up, all bloody and twisted. A car moved of very fast and it had loud music coming out of it with young people bouncing up and down with bottles in their hands. This looked like good fun and wished I could join in. At this point I told Pat farewell and thanked him for all he had done. As I walked further in to the city, I was confronted by another group of men, this time dressed in black. I also noticed that they carried similar muskets to Pat and his gang. One of them asked ‘Why were you talking to that traitor? I hen had to explain that I was an explorer investigating their country. This seemed to interest them and their leader spoke ‘You had better listen to our side of the story as well. ‘ I agreed to this, as I did not want to appear biased, but to be fair I no longer felt intimidated by this group of men and felt I could relax while I listened to their story. But, as I began to sit, they dragged me up and told me it w as not safe here and that we would have to go to their safe house, called Dubnil. He introduced himself as Peter. He told me how a foreign power had invaded his country and that their government discriminated against the natives in favour of colonists. The natives decided to start a rebellion in order to fight for the rights, and their freedom. This made the foreign government introduce a plot called ‘ethnic cleansing' to eliminate the natives. This disgusted me as I had always associated cleansing as something that was pure and glorious, yet this brutal government used it to describe the most evil thing that I had ever heard of. This foreign government shocked me more than the viciousness of the leader in Lilliput. They described murder as cleansing which disturbed me so much that I was glad I never lived here and that none of my country's great leaders never acted in any manner that could be compared to the oppressors of this God-forsaken country. From the distance I could see this mobile cannon I asked Pete what this was. He told me that it was a ‘weapon of mass destruction' called a ‘nuclear bomb'. I asked what this all meant and he replied, ‘death, mutation, the end, storms, blackouts, cancer, tidal waves, flooding, drowning. I was greatly impressed by this weapon, as the weapons of my time could only kill one at a time. Pete offered to give me a view of the city and helped me scramble up a mountain of rubble. He handed me a pair of strange spectacles that enabled me to see further. I could see the entire city, demolished to rubble, and I could see five tanks patrolling the city. Adam said, ‘We love our country so much, we started blowing up this city to fight for our freedom. ‘ This was the most intelligent and sophisticated scheme I ever came across. I had become so caught up in my thoughts that I lost my concentration and slipped and rolled down the side of the mountain of rubble, crashing to the ground, which knocked me out cold. When I awoke I was on a bed in a long white corridor, which had quite a compelling smell of some chemicals or something. I sat up in the bed and before me was a woman in white uniform with a white hat. She apologised to me because there was a shortage of staff due to lack of government funding. I asked her what affect does this have on them and she replied, ‘disease, sick, suffering, heartache, failure, frustration, misery, depressing. Still, it seemed to make more sense if it was spent on things that made you happy like the Millennium Dome. I found myself drifting off into a deep sleep as the nurse injected something into my arm, it felt relaxing and before you know it I was at the Dover coast with no suspicion of how I got there. I found my expedition to be the most exciting I've ever been on as there were some great inventions such as nuclear bombs and magnificent structures such as the Millennium Dome. I am definitely going to come back soon as there is so much more to learn about this wonderful place again.

Reflective Diary on “Presentation”

Presentation As I know from my lecturer in class of Enterprises Development, presentation is a â€Å"performance, and like any actor, you must rehearse, rehearse, rehearse. † I don’t find myself as a good in presentation as presenter. Though I rehearse, rehearse, rehearse, my presentation goes wrong during middle of performance. That time I found myself in hell, which makes me and my group disappointment. I have tried to improve my presentation skills lot, achieved some positive act in myself but still with problems. I am so glad and very thankful to my lecturer that providing clear information about how to do presentation?She provided us with lot of information about presentation which can help us in develop personal skills for presentation. During our last class, we all student are surprised to know that she choose three student for presentation. Through their presentation she said us about positive and negative about presentation. And from that presentation, I found that as Presenter it is very important to engage with audience, asking question, keeping eye contact, using hands, making sure the audience to understand and need to enjoy sharing knowledge on clear topic make presentation attractive and better.From my classmate’s presentation in class, I learned that preparation and practice of verbal and non-verbal communication are very importance for performance as speaker in presentation. Presentation is simply a means of communication which can be adapted to various speaking situation, such as talking to group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team. I remembered that when there was a group presentation in class it was always a pressure in my head. But, now knowing all this I would do my best for upcoming group presentation for this year.

Data Analysis And Discussion Science Fair

Daphnia died on day seven in trial two. In a pH of five the Daphnia survived for six day s In trial one and six days in trial two. Len the pH of twelve the Daphnia survived for five days in trial one and in trial two the Daphnia survived for six days. ; The Daphnia survived less than a week under the strong acids and bases because Daphnia can easily become stressed under different conditions like t he pHs.The water tanks had an increase in Compounds that form H+ ions in the water ankhs (acids; pH of three and five) and an increase Compounds that form OH ions (basis; pH of twelve) as our classed has learned about this in the biochemistry unit. The reason why people would care about our data results and experiment is t hat the Daphnia and the the different pHs are just a representation of what can happen in the real world as aquatic habitats and ecosystems can be critically impacted as different forms Of acids, such as acidic rain and bases and can kill not just Daphnia but also other aquatic organism due to human activity.As w as inform people how vital pH can affect an entire habitat and even ecosystem Our hypothesis was valid because we proved that testing Daphnia in a strong pH (three and five) and a strong acid (twelve) the survival rate of the Daphnia would drop, which did as the Daphnia continued to day from day to day as the e acids and bases caused it harm. The relationship between the Daphnia and the level of independent variable was seen as we put the Daphnia in different pHs and saw that died in different WA

Beowulf vs grendel Essays - Beowulf, English-language Films, Geats

Beowulf vs. Grendel The epic poem, Beowulf, is infused with the forces of darkness and the forces of light, heaven and hell. These forces symbolize the forces of good and evil, between two of the main characters, Beowulf, and his rival, Grendel. Grendel's watery lair is dark, and he only hunts at night? darkness. The heroic warriors halls were they rejoice is illuminated? light. These two examples are just one of the many differences portrayed in the epic. Along with differences, there are also similarities. For example, during Beowulf?s and Grendel?s fight scene, the characters appear to be the reincarnation of ancient Mithraic twins, Cautes and Cautopates, who represent life and death. Grendel and Beowulf are completely different beings, when one detail brings out a comparable change in the other. Grendel is a descendant of Cain and a man-eater who is feared by the Danes. Living with his mother at the bottom of a foul lake, which hence his name, ?grenja? meaning ?to bellow,? or ?bottom of a body of water.? Grendel comes out at night, leaving his watery den in search for food. His prey, drunken warriors who slumber in Hrothgar?s golden halls, slaughtering them as they sleep, and then dragging their bloody corpse back to his lair for a feast of his own. Legendary warrior from Geatland and Edgetho?s son, Beowulf, is human, but seems super-human, having the strength of thirty men. Beowulf is also a monster in some ways, but not in the sense as Grendel. Beowulf arrives at King Hrothgar?s kingdom with thirteen of his warriors, to assist King Hrothgar with Grendel, with King Hrothgar accepting Beowulfs pledge to kill Grendel. Beowulf plans to rest at King Hrothgar?s castle, and wait for Grendels arrival. Later that night, Grendel comes to the castle, devours some of the men, and then confronted by Beowulf. Grendel is immune to human weapons, so Beowulf confronts Grendel with his bare hands, and with his super-human strength, rips off Grendel?s arm. Grendel?s death and his evil nature are directly connected with darkness. The connection between evil and darkness are repetitive throughout the text, and is strongest with the physical description of Grendel?s den, where his dead corpse rests. As hell receives Grendel?s body, a sense of peace and relief is present. Beowulf?s primal desire for blood and violence and his tales of his killings do no differ much from Grendel?s bloody night massacres at Herot. Beowulf and Grendel neither need weapons to fight, Grendel being immune to man-made weapons, bewitched blades, and can not be wounded by them, but Beowulf, human, defeats Grendel without the aid of man-made weapons. This elevates Beowulf above the human standards, revealing more monstrous qualities. Beowulf and Grendel not only contradict each other, but they also compliment each other. They both symbolize heaven and hell, light and dark, life and death with each characteristic they each hold. Both characters take on ?non-human? attributes, Grendel being a monstrous being and Beowulf having superhuman abilities.

How would you suggest this should be done Are any of these subsystems Assignment

How would you suggest this should be done Are any of these subsystems more or less important than any others - Assignment Example For example, it will be impossible to attain the mission of an organization without having a clear vision and/ or objective. Examples of subsystems within organizations include goals and values subsystem, human resources subsystems, information and intelligence subsystem, technical subsystem, managerial subsystem and structural subsystem. According to Baskerville and Spagnoletti (2013), the continual interaction between various subsystems creates a pattern that specify what the main system looks like and therefore, it is impossible to gauge the main organizational system by over passing a particular subsystem since the main system relies on interdependent sub-systems. Therefore, when trying to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an organization it is a must for all the subsystems to be considered since an organizational is a functional unit that can only operate smoothly with the co-operation and co-ordination of various subsystems which are interdependent to each other. This is to mean that no sub-system is more or less important than the other since an organization cannot operate without a single subsystem missing and hence the evaluation should consider the strengths and weakness of each subsystem in the