The American Dream Essay Example for Free

The American Dream Essay â€Å"The American Dream† has a couple of translations, yet one of the most well known is â€Å"Life, freedom, and the quest for happiness† which is the fantasy that most Americans make progress toward. In less complex terms, The American Dream is the chance of the quest for opportunity, opportunity, and fulfillment of necessities and needs. As Thomas Wolfe stated, â€Å" to each man, paying little heed to his introduction to the world, his sparkling, brilliant open door the option to live, to work, to act naturally, and to turn into whatever thing his masculinity and his vision can consolidate to make him† (Wolfe2). This statement clarifies how everybody in the United States gets the option to satisfy this American Dream: to work as an individual from advanced society and to seek after their deepest desires. In the event that you come to America oppressed or penniless, at that point you get the opportunity to turn that around through difficult work and assurance. As the clarification of the term states, everybody has the chance to accomplish the American Dream, contingent upon how much exertion they put in or how blessed they are. At the end of the day, a few people will have the option to buckle down, accomplish their fantasies, while others will buckle down, and not wind up being lucky enough to finish their objectives. In most case, everyone’s American dream isn't a similar a few people have various vocations in which they would need to follow. After some time, the American Dream has changed more it isn't any more discuss opportunity it is progressively about their own having a place and etc†¦ stuff that individuals would need to make their American blessing from heaven. Four years have gone during this shot and the Depression has caused significant damage. Braddock has lost his investment funds, can hardly get $30 a session and afterward has his permit removed in the wake of battling with a messed up hand. Work is short on the New Jersey docks and discretionarily appointed and Jim is undermined with his destitute kids being given over by their dedicated mother to family members that are progressively prosperous. A definitive mortification comes when he goes drained of all pride to the social occasion spot of battle advertisers, asking for the cash to take care of his utility tabs. At that point, in 1934, his old supervisor, Joe Gould, additionally confronting penury yet urgently keeping up working class appearances, gets him an irregular battle at the Garden, filling in following a very late undoing. He is relied upon to lose to a promising newcomer, however he scores an unexpected knockout. Since the battle is on the lower half of a card the night Max Baer embarrassed title holder Primo Carnera, his exhibition stands out. Gould convinces a skeptical advertiser to misuse the exposure created by this longshot and two battles later Braddock is an improbable contender for the world title presently held by Baer, the most grounded puncher of his age, a man who had executed two rivals. As we probably am aware, Braddock won. The long-standing intrigue of A Raisin in the Sun lies in the way that the familys dreams and desires for a superior life are not bound to their race, yet can be related to by individuals all things considered. Despite the fact that what that better life may resemble is distinctive for each character, the basic inspiration is all inclusive. The focal clash of the play lies in Walters idea of this American dream. Walter becomes tied up with the white collar class belief system of realism. The thought of the independent man who begins with nothing and accomplishes incredible riches through difficult work appears to be harmless enough, however the thought can get vindictive on the off chance that it develops into an adoration of riches and influence. In the first place, Hansberry shows how Walter begrudges Charlie Atkins dry-cleaning business since it earns $100,000 per year. He overlooks Ruths issue with his expected colleagues flawed character and excuses his moms moral issue with accomplishing his objectives by running an alcohol store. The alcohol store is an unfortunate obligation, and Walter is urgent for his fantasies to work out as expected. That equivalent Machiavellian ethic is exhibited when Walter intends to acknowledge Mr. Lindners offer. Walter isn't worried about the debasing ramifications of the business bargain. It is basically an approach to recuperate a portion of the lost cash. Be that as it may, Hansberry challenges Walters rough translation of the American dream by constraining him to really complete the exchange before his child. Walters failure to manage Mr. Lindner marks a noteworthy modification of his understanding of the American dream, a fantasy that innately organizes equity and balance over cash.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Design And Build Method Construction Essay

Points of interest And Disadvantages Of Design And Build Method Construction Essay While development contracts fills in as a methods for evaluating development, they likewise structure the assignment of hazard to the different gatherings included. The development field is an exceptionally broad and one of a kind in each venture. In this world the greater part of the tasks are overseen by contracts. Also, as a rule to deal with the task adequately we should initially deal with the agreements. The proprietor has the sole capacity to choose what sort of agreement conveyance technique ought to be utilized for a particular office to be built and to present the terms in an authoritative understanding. A firm needs to pick the correct conveyance technique which is undertaking to extend base and present its offer proposal to the specialist/customer during offering stage to empower it to introduce serious cost and win the task without bargaining the useful and the nature of the venture. Picking the correct technique to convey the venture will facilitate the task execution and give adaptability during development just as setting aside cash and time for a firm and accordingly the equivalent to the proprietor. It is essential to comprehend the dangers of the temporary workers related with various sort of conveyance strategies. Right now you may ask what the agreement conveyance strategies are and we ought to pick the correct conveyance techniques. Ventures conveyance strategies. There are three kinds of undertaking conveyance strategies. In this segment we will focus on plan and Build since it s the best strategy for little and medium undertakings. 1-Tender or configuration offer form strategy In this sort the proprietor/customer will pick architect to structure the entire extend and get the Endorsements from specialists at that point gliding delicate to pick reasonable contractual worker for the Construction under his watch. In this sort of technique the customer/engineer has full control of the venture and the temporary worker needs to conform to full plan given by the architect. Most reasonable kind of agreement for this strategy is singular amount contract which the value given by the Contractor is fixed and the entire venture is as of now planned and the extent of work is clear and completely point by point. 2-uncertain amount contract technique Under this kind of agreement there will be no plan and it depends on support or fixing ventures. Under this understanding the proprietor and the temporary worker will forthright set up costs for the works and Equipments and markup and so on 3-Design and construct strategy. The term configuration construct alludes to a scope of options in contrast to the conventional undertaking conveyance framework. A valuable method to see configuration manufacture is by what it isn't. Customary structure offer form is a fragmented, consecutive procedure in which the proprietor first agreements With a structure proficient to get ready point by point, reasonable for-development plans and determinations (or Sometimes has them arranged by its in-house engineers), at that point utilizes the itemized plans and Specifications to request serious offers for development, lastly grants the development Contract to the low bidder. Configuration manufacture implies an acquisition procedure wherein both the plan and development of A venture is obtained from a solitary temporary worker. Ordinarily, the plan fabricate contract is granted by some procedure other than serious offering Providing the best worth (in value, highlights, capacities [and] life-cycle costs) In this manner, structure fabricate contrasts from conventional plan offer form in two different ways. To start with, the structure and development segments are bundled into a solitary agreement. Second, the single agreement isn't really granted to the low bidder after serious offering I-Why Design-Build? (Preferences) Potential Cost Savings Configuration manufacture can possibly lessen in general task cost in light of the fact that the structure assemble contractual worker playing out the plan has a superior vibe for the development cost of different other options, Thus can think of a plan that is more affordable to construct and has a motivating force to do as such. Another approach to see this favorable position is that it moves esteem designing cost decrease motivating force After agreement grant (with the contractual worker proposing cost-decrease thoughts and imparting the reserve funds to the proprietor) to pre-grant (with the proprietor appreciating a large portion of the cost investment funds). B. Prior Project Completion Configuration manufacture may bring about prior culmination and inhabitance of the undertaking in light of the fact that there is no Dead time between finishing of structure and beginning of development. Further, the structure assemble Contractor can start development of early periods of the task (for example activation, site utilities, Foundations) before structure of later stages (building envelope, inside parcels, HVAC, electrical) Is 100 percent complete? This procedure now and then is alluded to as quick track. C. Diminished Claims Exposure Configuration assemble wipes out the risk hole. Plan experts can acquire protection inclusion just for careless mistakes and exclusions, and basically all structure contracts limit the planners risk to such. Be that as it may, there can be non-careless blunders and exclusions, which cost the proprietor cash however for which the plan proficient isn't at risk. For instance, a structure proficient may embrace Reasonable subsurface examinations however neglect to identify a stone outcropping that will require extra work. In the customary structure offer form approach, the proprietor warrants the accuracy of the plans and Specifications to the development temporary worker. There can be configuration botches for which the proprietor is obligated to the development contractual worker under the Warranty of rightness however can't move the risk on to the structure proficient. In any event, when the originator is in certainty careless, demonstrating carelessness can be troublesome. The proprietor must acquire an authentication of legitimacy from another structure proficient and afterward demonstrate that the fashioner neglected to satisfy the material expert guideline of care, which requires master declaration. Then again, the contractual worker for the most part can demonstrate there was a deformity in the plans that cost the Contractor cash dependent on actuality declaration alone. Along these lines, the proprietor may need to manage the expense. Configuration fabricate disposes of this hole in light of the fact that the structure offer form substance has nobody however itself to fault For deficient plans and particulars or contrasting site conditions. D. New Technologies Open Contracts for the most part precludes brand-name or model-number determinations except if the Particular records at any rate two brand names and is trailed by the expression or equivalent. This makes it hard for conventional structure offer form to arrive at imaginative, exclusive Items where there might be just one brand-name and no equivalent. Further, replacement of another or equivalent item for a standard item frequently is impracticable Because of the gradually expanding influence. The originator plans the undertaking around flow age Products and replacement of new or equivalent items in the wake of offering can expect amendments to structure, mechanical or electrical parts to suit the new item. Who is going to pay for these wave changes? Configuration assemble settle this issue. The structure construct contractual worker chooses the hardware (directly down to make and model number) and afterward plans the structure around the chose gear, which is an increasingly legitimate approach. Truth be told, the plan assemble temporary worker can in some cases get free structure help from hardware Manufacturers wanting that their new innovations be utilized. E. By and large Project Optimization Configuration offer form can experience the ill effects of sub-enhancement when individual task members enhance their own positions, regularly to the detriment of the general venture. The all out expense to the proprietor of a structure component, for example, the steel outline, incorporates the expense of the designing to decide the necessary steel segments in addition to the expense of the steel. The architect has minimal motivator to utilize a sharp pencil to accomplish the base measure of Basic steel; he advances his own situation by investing just the plan energy important to Ensure that there is sufficient steel to meet gravity and seismic burdens, regularly by utilizing Conservative suspicions that may bring about more steel than should be expected. In this way, the proprietor may get a good deal on configuration yet pay for it in steel. With configuration work, then again, the structure construct substance has a motivating force to utilize the Optimum measure of designing. Up to an extra dollar of building will spare more than one dollars worth of steel, the structure assemble contractual worker will invest the building energy up To the point of unavoidable losses when an extra dollars worth of designing recoveries just a Dollar s worth of steel on the grounds that both the expense of plan and the expense of steel come out of a similar pocket. It is not necessarily the case that plan manufacture brings about unstable or less-safe structures. More (steel, concrete, and so on.) isn't really better. Just indicating additional steel or cement in one spot in light of the fact that the designer doesn't have the opportunity or impetus to ascertain precisely what amount is really required doesn't improve the general execution of the structure. A chain is just as solid as its most vulnerable connection. On the off chance that the proprietor needs a structure with higher floor Loadings, less floor redirection or protection from a greater seismic tremor than required by code, at that point The best approach to accomplish this is by putting that prerequisite on the plan develop element front not by Hoping that the fashioner will toss in some additional steel or cement since the individual in question doesn't have time in the financial plan to utilize a sharp pencil. F.Reduced Administrative Burden Configuration assemble may decrease the managerial weight on the proprietor in light of the fact that there is one requesting, one honor and one agreement to control. G. Prior Cost Visibility The complete expense of the task is obvious prior with configuration assemble. In customary plan offer form, Construction costs are not known until offered opening, and it is conceivable to burn through cash on a structure that the office can't stand to assemble. Very frequently, development offers surpass the financial plan, and the Project must be re-intended to bring it

Telethon FAQs

Telethon FAQs h4 a, h4 a:visited, h4 a:active { font-weight: bold; color: #000; } This Monday and Tuesday, undergrad volunteers banded together in a roomful of Institvte phones to individually congratulate and chat with each of the freshly admitted candidates for the class of 2016. We all stayed longer than wed planned; my hallmate and I swore we would only stop in for a few calls, but ended up making hundreds of calls for over four hours despite our bleeding GPAs and unfinished psets. It was a little like gambling; only one in seven or eight of you guys picked up (shame!), so wed have losing streaks for a while, give up hope, suddenly get a real, live, excited prefrosh and have a great 45 minute conversation, and ride on a high of vicarious prefrosh cheer through the next few voicemails in a vicious cycle. The telethon is a fun tradition that I think brings a really nice personal touch / warm fuzzy feeling to the seemingly heartless process of admissions. When I invited Stephan13 to come volunteer at the EA telethon last year, his face fell and he plaintively said, Anyone can go? I thought the people who called us were, like, special or something. Ironic, then, that he is insanely clever and hardworking, like, oh, I dont know, most people who make it through this place. My calls only made it through to a handful of people, but you seemed really cool! Thanks for your time, bros and girl-bros. With Campus Preview Weekend and enrollment decisions approaching, Id like to share some relevant FAQs I was asked while telethoning, in hopes that theyll be useful for some of the prefrosh we didnt manage to reach. I am trying to decide between MIT and ____. Their campus preview weekends coincide. What should I do? I know a lot of people who had this problem as prefrosh, and while Im not going to say omg we are totally the best thing ever so you should just forget about those other hussies, because you are the best judge of which school is best for you, Im pretty sure that MITs campus preview weekend is (a) the most fun (b) the most revealing about its culture (c) the most differentiated from a normal campus tour. Most campus preview weekends dont differ drastically from a tour besides the scale; you will likely see several more organized student events, talks, and dorms than you would by visiting on any other weekend. CPW is an intense compression of an entire undergrad experience at MIT, minus all the hard work, into three days. Events literally go around the clock; there are never less than five or six events going on at a time, and usually many more, with the exception of five or six hour breaks for sleep in the wee hours of the morning. The entire campus bands together in a concentrated burst of effort to do everything that lies at the intersection of fun and possible, everything they normally do during the year for fun but smushed together at an impossible density. A cappella groups run around serenading you all over campus; East Campus and Random Hall bust out the dewars and make you liquid nitrogen ice cream; every living group has a barbecue at least once a day; every student organization and club shows off demos / breakdances / unicycles / juggles / flies hovercrafts / blows things up at a giant activities fair. Youll glowstick, play underground capture the flag, maybe even play glow-in-t he-dark capture the flag. You may walk through kiddie pools filled with non-Newtonian fluid. Youll meet people you will stay friends with throughout college, even if you decide not go to MIT. Youll talk to tens of metric tons of us. You may even meet a professor you want to do research with. (When I was a prefrosh, I pulled a super lame hack with some other prefrosh I met on the internet.) Youll almost certainly overeat. Remember that there will be food at almost every event, and save room for a few flavors of liquid nitrogen ice cream. More laid-back events involve teaching increasingly obscure math late into the A.M. until all attendees leave or fall asleep, the inevitable MORE FOOD THAN YOUR BODY HAS ROOM FOR, talks by faculty members, open houses with every department, program, and organization on campus, hair dyeing (good luck explaining that to your parents), and several thousand bouncy balls being thrown from a Senior Haus balcony into the courtyard. via flickr Its a little more stressful for us, because we have a lot of logistics to take care of to produce this giant, mostly student-driven welcome to you, on top of normal schoolwork, which we dont get a break on. But we dont really need sleep any more, so whatever. tl;dr  CPW is not just a glorified campus tour; skipping it and stopping through the next weekend will still be informative, but you will find out much more about your future undergraduate community at MIT CPW than you would at any other preview weekend. still tl;dr  come to CPW you will not regret it None of my following FAQ answers will be as exciting as this one. Ever. Sorry. Can I do research freshman year? Like, real research, I dont want to sit around cleaning test tubes all day. I want to run my own project, and also have a pony. You can have all of that except the pony. For reasons unfathomable to me, MIT is stellar at undergrad research. Many, many freshmen do real research as early as their first semester. My next-door neighbor, Martin15, started working in the Drennan Lab fall semester he uses X-ray crystallography to analyze enzyme structures. You can work here in exchange for U.S. dollars or class credits, or you can work abroad. Several of my close friends have done research in Spain via the MISTI program, which extends to twelve other countries. Theres also a program called D-Lab thats geared toward developing countries. Someone could write a hefty treatise on this, but the short answer is: yes, you can do research here without prior experience. The tough part will be finding time. Can I continue pursuing the arts at MIT to insert your own degree of seriousness? In my personal opinion, the MIT admissions process, brutal though it may be, does a great job picking people that are not just good at science but proficient in many areas. People who are good at doing things are not characterized by their ability to nerdily rattle off Science Facts, after all, but by their creativity, love of learning, and work ethic. Im sure you already know this. What Im getting at is that you will likely be able to find a variety of student groups with different commitment levels that suit your needs while you are simultaneously doing Science Things, because more MIT folks than you would expect are really artsy. The usual deluge of examples courtesy of the availability heuristic: my hallmate started doing professional graphic design at age 15 and is currently CTO at a startup even though hes only a sophomore now, my boyfriend is both a full-time web developer and a short film composer, and once I went to a Boston Pops concert and this girl who was in one of my co mpsci classes at the time unexpectedly hopped up on the stage and performed a Mendelssohn concerto with them. MIT has a lot of interesting humanities professors: examples include Junot Diaz (see jkims take on his writing class), Martin Marks, who teaches film music history and composition and serves as the curator for the National Film Preservation Foundation, and Mark Harvey, who is a mild-mannered lecturer by day and a crazy trumpet-playing jazz orchestra leader by night, crazy in only the best of ways, although I still hope he doesnt read this. MITs humanities programs are good, but obviously cant compete with real art colleges. Fortunately, you can cross-register at Harvard, Wellesley, MassArt, or SMFA without paying extra tuition. The surrounding area is also home to Berklee College of Music, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. So, if you venture off campus, you can find lots of non-MIT organizations too. What will dorm life be like? I dont know where Ill fit in! Ahh! Your dorm-placement schedule looks like this: some time this summer: You receive the i3 (Interactive Introduction to the Institvte) videos, which are produced by students in each dorm. Alternatively, you realize immediately after you finish reading this blog post that all of the previous ones are on Youtube, and you marvel at East Campuss roller coaster for a while before being completely confused by Bexleys video. before matriculation: First dorm lottery. orientation: Set up shop in your temp dorm. Every living group throws a billion events so you can get a better sense of dorm / living group cultures. You enter the readjustment lottery, or you decide you made the right initial decision and squat. after orientation: If you were in the readjustment lottery, you move. after readjustment: You move around within your dorm; each floor/section has a distinct culture as well. So dont worry about that just yet youll have a few months after enrolling to figure it all out. MIT sounds great and all, but what if its too difficult? Im just a plain ol high school senior. So were most of us, once. Dont worry, you didnt get admitted on accident. MIT is undeniably very difficult, but freshmen are given the boon of Pass/No Record for a semester, in order to help ease the pressure as they acclimate to the disturbingly rigorous coursework. Itll help to remember that the work is made difficult in order to help you learn more, not because the professors are evil extradimensional creatures who feed upon human suffering. There are also many resources such as office hours, tutors (MIT pays students to tutor other students), structured study groups, and structured freshman programs such as Concourse and ESG. You will also end up organically forming study groups with all of the freshmen in your living group. Basically, if you try to do everything on your own one hour before its due like you did in high school because high school classes were trivial for you, you will fail miserably, and  if you reach out for help, life will be much easier. You will probably still get 20% on your first chem exam and finish the semester with your first C or two, boo hoo, but no one will ever see it and youll do just fine in the grand scheme of things. I elaborate upon freshman academics in graphic detail in this post; you will have plenty of time to figure that out if you do choose MIT. I want to go to MIT for grad school; will going there for undergrad hurt my chances? Even if you end up with the same major that you originally planned, your experiences over the next four or so years will make you a radically different person with different priorities. Grad programs desirability and strengths vary wildly depending on the specific research interests and emotional baggage you leave undergrad with. So its a terrible idea to have your 17-year-old self make decisions for your 21-year-old self. Not to mention that if youre good enough to get into MIT grad school, wellthats pretty damn good. The overall feeling Im painting here, especially with CPW and all, may seem excessively optimistic and idealistic. Nothing is perfect, obviously; tuition is horrendously expensive, the winters are cold, and there will be conflicts and bad classes and quarter-life crises. I think I made the optimal decision in coming here, though, and hopefully all our ramblings can help you figure out if this place is right for you. That is all for now, folks. Feel free to ask more questions in the comments! (Trolls: I know where you live, please refrain.)

Thomas Hobbes And The Enlightenment - 878 Words

Can you imagine America with a monarchy? Can you imagine America with a king? All the power possessed by a single individual. This means that there will be no voting on who should be a leader, but the power goes from one to the other by inheritance. There will be a king fulfilling his role as a supreme leader by surrounding himself with people who will help him govern. This is hard to imagine, but Enlightenment thinkers expressed their opinions on different questions related to this. The Enlightenment was an era from 1600 to 1800. It was a break from strictness of the Catholic Church and a period of intelligence and business growth in Europe. It grew out of the Renaissance, especially humanists. During this era, there were philosophers who were known as Enlightenment thinkers. They thought about two questions. First, are people naturally good or evil? Second, what type of government is best? Thomas Hobbes, an Englishman born in 1588, is one of the Enlightenment thinkers. Hobbes wrote The Leviathan, published in 1651, observing the violence and behavior of people near the end of the English Civil War. He believed that monarchy is the best government. John Locke, another Enlightenment thinker, is an Englishman born in 1632. Locke wrote Two Treatises of Government, published in 11689,expressing his opinions on the â€Å"state of nature† and types of government. He, on the other hand, believed that democracy is the best government. While Thomas Hobbes believed that people areShow MoreRelatedHobbes, Marx, and Shah1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe cold, calculating, and logical brains of Enlightenment thinkers are much different from the emotional, fantasy-loving mind of Romantics. The Enlightenment was an 18th century movement in which rationality and science were placed as the number one things a human could have (Brians). The Enlightenment also propagated the idea equality and liberalism (Brians). Romanticism was an international movement which occurred aft er the Enlightenment during the late 1700s to the mid-1800s (Melani). ItRead MoreThe State Of Nature And Government1315 Words   |  6 Pagessubject that Hobbes and Locke both discuss in their book. The enlightenment period was a time of Learning, new inventions, new theories, and new government. Two prominent figures that became known during the enlightenment were Thomas Hobbes (1588-1674) and John Locke (1632-1704). These enlightenment authors represent two different side of the political spectrum; Locke represents the right wing with his book â€Å"Second Treatise on Civil Government† and â€Å"A Letter Concerning Toleration† and Hobbes representRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment In Frankenstein835 Words   |  4 Pagesworks of individuals during the Age of Enlightenment. Consequently, many of the ideas and theories that were expressed during the Age of Enlightenment are found throughout Shelley’s gothic novel. Furthermore, the Age of Enlightenment impacted the events depicted in Mary Shelley’s gothic novel, Frankenstein, such as man’s state of nature, as discussed by John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. Thomas Hobbes is considered one of the first major figures of the Enlightenment, and his major argument presented atRead MoreEssay On John Locke And Thomas Hobbes1076 Words   |  5 PagesLocke and Thomas Hobbes John Locke and Thomas Hobbes, two English Enlightenment philosophers, were both very influential politically and philosophically despite having almost opposite beliefs. While each individually influenced later documents and events such as the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution, they had an equally big impact in history. Today, everyone recognizes natural rights and the modern system of government uses social contracts every day. Thomas Hobbes was bornRead MoreThe Enlightenments Eras Most Notable Thinkers1684 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Enlightenment was a crucial period in modern history for the simple fact that it engendered some of the thoughts that are directly responsible for contemporary social, political, and religious institutions. This epoch, along with the Renaissance, helped to spur Western Civilization out of the Dark Ages and into contemporary conceptions of modernization. Not surprisingly, this time period is characterized by a number of different seditions and the revolutionary tenets that fueled them which wereRead MoreThe Enlightenment : The Ideas Of The Enlightenment720 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the Enlightenment era, both elite culture and popular culture had influences, philosophers dominating the ideals of the time period. In the eighteenth century, philosophers such as Adam Smith, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean Jacques Rousseau empowered people to think upon their natural rights and sugg ested new ideologies to follow and/or support. Additionally, because of the Enlightenment, the Realist and Neoclassical Art Movement spurred and gathered momentum as artists changed the art scene withRead MoreThe Enlightenment : The Greatest Impact Of The Enlightenment945 Words   |  4 Pageswould be very different if the Enlightenment did not occur in the 18th century. With people like Immanuel Kant, Baron de Montesquieu, and John Locke, the Enlightenment was one of the most revolutionary events to ever occur. For example, Immanuel Kant explored human experiences, Montesquieu believed that there should be three branches of government, and John Locke believed in the social contract and the ability to own life, liberty and property. The ideas of the Enlightenment drastically changed the worldRead MoreThe American Constitution And The Bill Of Rights1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enlightenment was an eighteenth century scholarly development moved in France that had enduring repercuss ions all through Europe and America. Addressing conventional teachings and qualities denoted the Enlightenment; there was a prominent propensity towards independence and accentuation on the thoughts of human advance. The American Constitution and the Bill of Rights are both results of the Enlightenment and thoughts of the philosophes, specifically John Locke. Thomas Hobbes and John LockeRead MoreEssay about European Enlightenment612 Words   |  3 PagesEnlightenment The enlightenment was the growth of thought of European thinkers in the 1600’s. The spread of enlightenment was a result of the Scientific Revolution during the 1500’s and 1600’s. It resulted as a need to use reason to distribute human laws. It also came about from a need to solve social, political and economic problems. Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier built the framework for modern chemistry during the enlightenment. Edward Jenner built a vaccine against smallpox, a deadlyRead MoreEssay on Thomas Hobbes and the Social Theory Contract597 Words   |  3 PagesPhilosopher, Thomas Hobbes and the Social Theory Contract for a clear understanding of the issues. The Social Contract Theory is the basis for the Declaration of Independence and the guiding theories for the Unite States Government as well as many other governments, such as the European Union, England and France, to name a few. The theory is about why people choose to give us some of their rights and powers in order to form a government. That government has a series of purposes. Thomas Hobbes theorized

Counseling Sexually Active Clients with Hiv Essay examples

Lethal Sex: Conditions of Disclosure in Counseling Sexually Active Clients with HIV Elliot D. Cohen, Ph.D. The present HIV pandemic presents challenges for mental health practitioners who, in the course of therapy, sometimes become privy to confidential information about potentially lethal sexual relationships ongoing between the client and one or more uninformed partner(s). In this lecture I will discuss the current professional/legal status of making disclosure in such cases, and my work as an applied professional ethicist in the development, drafting, and defense of a limited rule of disclosure. State statutes typically make it a crime for a person who knows that he or she is HIV positive to engage in unprotected sex†¦show more content†¦In 1995, when the ACA was in the process of revising its code of ethics, I proposed a model rule based on the Hatherleigh article. The ACA adopted the proposed rule with minor changes. This rule, which set precedent for state laws (such as the Florida statute mentioned above) and other professional codes of ethics in c ounseling and psychology (such as the American Mental Health Counselors Association code), permitted disclosure under certain conditions. This rule, which I named the â€Å"Contagious, Fatal Diseases† rule, states, A counselor who receives information confirming that a client has a disease commonly known to be both communicable and fatal is justified in disclosing information to an identifiable third party, who by his or her relationship with the client is at a high risk of contracting the disease. Prior to making a disclosure the counselor should ascertain that the client has not already informed the third party about his or her disease and that the client is not intending to inform the third party in the immediate future. (ACA, B.1.d) In developing and defending the provisions of this rule, I used broad standards of moral conduct from two venerable traditions in ethics: (1) Kantian Ethics and (2) Utilitarian Ethics. According to the Kantian tradition, moral propriety req uires that persons be treated as ends in themselves and notShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemma in Hiv Counselling Cases951 Words   |  4 PagesI have a client whom I know to be HIV positive. I also know that he is sexually active and has not told any of his partners about this. Isn’t it my ethical responsibility to inform someone that he is, in effect, dangerous to others? Even if I am not a counselor, I would not be able to live with the fact that I have such an information and am putting some other life at risk. As a medical doctor, I was also bound by my Hippocrates oath to serve and bring no harm to others, â€Å"I will apply dieteticRead MoreEpidemiology Nur/4081540 Words   |  7 Pagesrespiratory papillomatosis. Human papillomavirus infection is most common among young, sexually active individuals, and it is so prevalent that approximately 75% to 80% of sexually active individuals will become infected in their lifetime (Weaver, 2006). At any given time, approximately 20 million people are infected with genital HPV in the United States. It is estimated that approximately 75% to 80% of sexually active men and women have been exposed to genital HPV (Weaver, 2006). Individuals aged 15Read MoreHepatitis : Symptoms And Symptoms1103 Words   |  5 Pagessustaining immune from further HAV infections, the infections in many cases can be mild. A great majority of people in the world who live in a poor area where there is impoverished sanitation have been infected with this virus. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a sexually transmitted disease, disseminated by contact with infected body fluids, semen, and blood. Conceivably, studies have shown that the HBV virus between humans and apes pinpointed evidence of division between human genotypes A-E from the viruses sampledRead MoreThe Intervention Of Safe Sex And Less Drug Use1411 Words   |  6 Pageseffective enough. From previous research it was stated that â€Å"after the intervention, the amount of protected sexual acts increased for all partners (and especially HIV-negative partners) among participants who received the in-person intervention. Also participants who received the in-person intervention had a larger decrease in the number of HIV-negative partners than did those in the control group (â€Å"Procedural Guide†)†. Unfortunately, I was not able to get an interview with any of the participants becauseRead MoreI Have Always Been An Avid Learner1567 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies in the Social Work Department at Southern University, I volunteered as an HIV/AIDS Peer Health Educator. This is when I developed a keen interest in human sexuality. 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The majority of new HIV transmissions in Thailand have changed from commercial sex to intimate relationships while HIV prevention generally focuses on self protection and universal precaution. In 2003, Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommend to integrate HIV preventive measure into routineRead MoreAnalysis of the Psychologys Duty to Warn Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pagesgets noted. A psychologist has a role to play in every client’s life. An example is when a person threatens to transmit HIV and other diseases. It may be illegal in many countries for a person to infect other people with a disease knowingly especially HIV. However, a clinical psychologist should not be obligated to tell the other people of the risk of transmission. The client has a right to confidentiality. Duty to warn got developed when Tarasoff got murdered by a person who had threatened to doRead MoreHIV/AIDS and Women4590 Words   |  19 Pages1. Introduction : 2 2. HIV/AIDS : 2 3. HIV/AIDS and women : 2 4. Special signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS in women : 3 5. Vulnerability of women to AIDS : 3 6. The challenges that HIV/AIDS infected women faced : 4 7. Transmission of HIV to women : 5 8. Global distribution of HIV/AIDS among women : 5 9. The impact of HIV on women : 7 10. Prevention : 9 11. HIV treatment : 9 12. Prevention Challenges : 11 13. The Global Response to HIV/AIDS : 11 14. The Global

C.Ronaldo and Messi Free Essays

World best soccer players C. Ronaldo and Messi Have you ever watched a game of C. Ronaldo and Messi? Their performances are so outstanding that most of soccer fans would think 21th century is the era of C. We will write a custom essay sample on C.Ronaldo and Messi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ronaldo and Messi. However, there are big differences between C. Ronaldo and Messi. Firstly, their physical conditions are quite different. C. Ronaldo looks like a movie star. He is very tall and has a firm body like a horse. His inverted triangle line seduces a lot of girls and every man envies his body shape. Tight muscles cover all of his body so that we can feel his power even when he is just standing. In contrast, Messi looks like a dwarf. When he was eleven, he was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency. So when he stood next to Ronaldo in order to get a prize, he looked humble. And his body is plain and looks like ordinary people. In accordance with the differences in physical condition, their play styles are also different. Ronaldo usually tries to break through defense line with his speed and power coming from his outstanding physical condition. When he is on the dead run, only a few world class defenders can catch up with him. And most of defenders are knocked out by Ronaldo’s wild and strong movement. Furthermore, his shooting is so powerful that he sometimes makes a goal in an incredibly long distance. Messi’s play is very exquisite. Messi developed his own skills to overcome his physical disadvantages. His foot skills are very simple, but no one can stop him because his dribble is so delicate that the ball seems attached to his foot. So whenever defenders tackle him, he easily avoids them and breaks through the defense line like a squirrel. And he prefers accurate shooting to powerful one.. Both C. Ronaldo and Messi are unprecedented soccer players, but they have two distinguishing points, physical condition and play style. In a manner of speaking, it is meaningless to arrange what’s different between them because it is natural that every person in the world has different circumstances and different personality. However people have always been interested in comparing rivals like Superman and Batman, Taegwon V and Mazinga Z. People will always regard Ronaldo and Messi as rivals until they retire. And ‘Who is the greatest soccer player in the world? ’ will be the most interesting question among trillions of soccer fans. People might have different thoughts about who the best soccer player is, but they all would think that it is lucky to watch fantastic plays of Ronaldo and Messi. How to cite C.Ronaldo and Messi, Essay examples

Does Trail By Jury Need Reform Essay free essay sample

Does Trail By Jury Need Reform? Essay, Research Paper Question: How far do you hold with the proposal that test by jury should be radically reformed? ( note this is an English jurisprudence essay ) In the last twelvemonth a figure of legal reforms have been proposed by the current authorities. First there are the Mode of Trial Bills, presently No. 2 is traveling through it? s readings. No.1 failed to do it through the hosiery of Lords. Then there is the Auld study that recommends a extremist restructuring of the tribunal system and cutting down on the figure of instances that are tried by the Crown Court. One country that all of these undertakings seek to reform is test by jury as it is claimed to expensive, open to mistreat and clip devouring for all parties involved. There is no historical right to test by jury. The Magna Carter makes no mention to it, popular misconception non defying. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Trail By Jury Need Reform Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its first happening in a recognizable signifier can be seen the 12th century, during the reign of Henry II. Here the jury consisted of the accused friends and neighbors instead than today? s twelve indiscriminately selected grownups. Previous to this the jury was a Norman convention made up of 12 work forces prepared to curse on curse as to the individuals artlessness. Failure to acquire the twelve work forces confirmed guilt since curses so had a spiritual ardor and no 1 would run hazard of ageless damnation by lying under curse. Trial by ordeal ceased in 1215 after it was condemned by Catholic Pope guiltless III. Trial by conflict, to the decease between accuser and suspect, existed by legislative act at the same clip and was non repealed until 1819. A of import and alone portion of the English legal system is that of drumhead trail by magistrates. In this a panel of, normally, three ballad people hear the instance and make up ones mind on fact, guilt and any penalty. Magistrates account for upwards of 97 % of all judicial hearings today. In 1855 such was the work load of chargeable instances coming before the common jurisprudence tribunals that an act was passed leting such instances to be settled without a jury if the parties agreed to it. This effort to rush up the wheels of justness created the? either manner? instances that are now being blamed for decelerating the same wheels down. Over the following 150 old ages more offenses were added to the either manner list and more instances lost their entitlement to test by jury most of them being civil cases.1 Jury reform is both a popular academic inquiry and 1 that has seen much attending from authorities and royal committees. The last half of the 20th century has seen a figure of reforms of the jury system In brief these are: The first was the leting of bulk finding of facts ( 1967 ) . If a consentaneous finding of fact is non forthcoming the justice may accept a bulk finding of fact with either one or two dissenting ballots depending on the size of the jury at the tests determination stage. 1974 saw the remotion of the belongings making now jurymans could be selected from the grownup voting population between the ages of 18 and 70 topic to a figure of exempt professions. Courts dwelling of a individual justice were introduced into Northern Ireland in the 1970s to counter the job of jury bullying in terrorist instances. These Diplock tribunals exist today. Research into how juries reach their determinations was prevented by the Contempt of tribunal act 1981 The Supreme Court Act 1981specified for what civil instances could a jury could be empanelled and added that in civil instances where there is likely to be complex drawn-out scrutiny of histories, scientific grounds test by jury could be deemed against the best involvement of justness. There are a figure of single countries of jury reform being investigated. These are the jury composing and choice, the right to test by jury and that of perverse finding of facts. Each of these will be discussed in bend below. The juries act 1974 lists contains three parts sketching groups of people whom are either excused of right or ineligible for jury service. Those non on these lists can seek to be excused on evidences of professional or concern loss that would be incurred or household committednesss such as kid attention. An statement against juries s that they can non follow complex statements. If members of the legal profession were eligible for jury service and others of the professional trades non excused on evidences of fiscal loss so the degree of the juries understanding would lift. In New York province, America, everyone can be called to function as a juryman and Judgess A ; attorneies who have done so hold found the experience enlightening. Long complex fraud, calumny or political tests could see a figure of jurymans drop out due to illness or emphasize and go forth the jury below the lower limit of 10 for a crown tribunal test. The curse in of modesty jurymans if justice thinks instance is traveling to travel on for a long clip to could forestall the jury going to little. All jurymans sit in and the panel of 12 is selected at terminal of test. This would affect some change to the jury box but as tribunal edifices are already having refits to upgrade their installations in the jury waiting room the extra break would be minimum. Much of the incrimination for the juries failure to understand fraud instances is laid on the Serious Fraud Office and its inability to show the grounds in an apprehensible format non on an deficiency of intelligence of the jury. In England the defense mechanism has no right to object to jurymans this being lost in 1988 despite there being no grounds that it was being abused to lade a jury. Although the prosecution has retained theirs. Occasionally the jury will be vetted if there is danger of media induced prejudices adversely impacting the equity of a trail. The issue of race ever arises when discoursing juries. The jury is predominately white and those of other tegument tones consider that they will non acquire a just trail. Cultural minorities are partially underrepresented by their failure to register as electors with 13 % of those from the Indian sub-continent and a one-fourth of all other minorities non registering. Both the Runciman and Auld studies suggest that the jury could be loaded to include three members of cultural minorities with one of these from the suspects race if it is likely that race is traveling to be a major issue in the test. Although non a race issue the Welsh linguistic communication besides causes complications. In the princedom legal proceedings can be conducted in Welsh instead than English. However few in Wales really speak the linguistic communication. Canada [ still ] has a similar job with proceedings for Gallic talkers and besides the native Inuit linguistic communication. Where a prospective juryman is clearly unable to understand sufficient English the prosecution should utilize their right to? stand by? the juryman. The defense mechanisms peremptory challenge was abolished in 1988 because statically more instances were acquitted where the defense mechanism used this right than when they did non. The right of election in either manner instances was established in 1855. It was nevertheless a right granting of drumhead trail by magistrate and non the gaining of a right to drag by jury as modern oppositions of trail by jury are stating or as the MP for Montgomery put it? the Soviet-style revising of history? .2 The proposed Mode of test ( No.2 ) measure is designed to cut down the figure of either manner instances that go to the crown tribunal. It argues that the bulk of suspects plead guilty when they reach the crown tribunal. This figure ignores those who are acquitted and disregards to advert that frequently the CPS will down rate the original charges to something less terrible, hopefully, giving a better opportunity of strong belief. The logical thinking behind the measure says that suspects choose the crown tribunal because they think that a jury is more likely to assoil them,3 it delays the prison sentence or at least allows some of it to be served in more comfort while expecting trail. Presently 80 % of either ways elect to be summarily tried by the magistrates. Of those who go to the crown tribunal on 2 in 7 are the defendant elections the staying five are directed at that place by the magistrates. The chief compliant against fring the right to elect which tribunal the suspect is tried is that magistrates one time they have decided on guilt can mention the instance to the crown tribunal for condemning where they consider their sentencing powers insufficient. This is at odds with the authoritiess projected benefit that a individual non holding a test by jury will non acquire the stronger crown tribunal imposed sentence and makes a jeer of? 66 million economy caused by the shorter tutelary magistrate imposed sentencing. No affair what tribunal the suspect should, with the consent of the tribunal, elect to be tried by justice entirely without a jury. On history of extremely proficient grounds or necessitating an account of the opinion which would uncover any errors and open the manner for entreaty. But is non this making the same pick that started the whole? either manner? issue in the first topographic point? Will in another 150 old ages the facts be presented to connote that there was neer any right to drag by jury Occasionally the jury will return a finding of fact that the justice and prosecution is non happy about ; these are known as perverse finding of facts by others as pious bearing false witness. Paragraphs 99-108 of the Auld study recommends that? legislative acts should be put in topographic point declaring that juries have no right to assoil in rebelliousness of the jurisprudence? . It should besides foster recommend that the brass plaque reverencing the jury of the 1670 Bushell instance, where it was established the jury as the exclusive finder of fact and could give a finding of fact harmonizing to their scruples, be removed and hidden off someplace. Auld ( paragraphs 66-67 ) goes on to state that the prosecution should hold a right of entreaty if the jury return a perverse finding of fact which is perchance a breach of the dual hazard regulation. However the Judgess of today must retrieve that it was their predecessors who helped created the tendency for perverse finding of facts in the early 1800s. A noteworthy illustration being Lord Mansfield who directed a jury to under value a bangle to convey its value below 40 shillings and therefore avoid the decease punishment. When the suspect protested that the bangles manner value entirely was more Mansfield replied? God forbid, gentleman, we should hang a adult male for manner entirely? . 4 If the intent of the jury if it is to entirely to happen fact and make up ones mind on point of jurisprudence so the best policy would be to trash the adversarial system and travel to an inquisitorial 1 that determines all the facts and all the points of jurisprudence as opposed to merely those elements that the attorneies choose to uncover. Or to inquire, as American tribunals can really on occasion do, for a particular finding of fact where the jury decide the facts and present these to the justice who decides on jurisprudence, guilt and sentence. Lord Devlin stated that trail by jury is non so much an instrument at acquiring at the truth as a procedure to guarantee that no guiltless individual is convicted. 5 The legal profession serves the jurisprudence. The jurisprudence nevertheless serves the populace. ? ? Law is derived from and is an look of society? s morality? In the absence of moral committedness to back up it, jurisprudence ceases being portion of society? .6 Society is supposed to act upon the jurisprudence by the nature of the authorities they elect in. However as both major parties are trying to out place each other by acquiring tougher on offense the lone topographic point where the populace can truly act upon the jurisprudence is from the jury box. If the jurisprudence does non reflect the norms of society the jury will interpret facts, in their ain head, such that the jurisprudence suggested by the justice is non applicable to the instance before them Though it is unlikely the jury may hold read the undermentioned transition by a instead celebrated author on law ? a individuals may be punished if, and merely if, he has voluntarily done something morally incorrect ; secondly, that his penalty must in some manner lucifer, or be tantamount of, the evil of his offense? taking to? what kind of behavior may be punished? ? , ? How badly? ? , and? What is the justification for the penalty? Hart, HLA. Punishment A ; Responsibility p230 Could it be that the jury is using the spirit of the jurisprudence and non the missive. The legal profession is construing harmonizing to the actual regulation but the jury knows merely, instinctively, of the aureate regulation? The jury has entire freedom to make up ones mind. More in fact than the Law Lords for, despite the 1966 pattern statement, they are still bound by rule of stare decisis. Lord Halsham summed this state of affairs up in 1967? to make justness harmonizing to the jurisprudence as it is, and non harmonizing to the province of personal businesss as they wish it to be? .7 Who so proceeded to project his ballot against his declared moral place. It is slightly unusual that as trail by jury is get downing to look in former Eastern axis states and is being reintroduced into Spain and perchance Japan for a limited figure of instances that its usage in England where it originated is worsening. The Government claims that attorneies see the loss of trail by jury as a menace to their incomes nevertheless the entreaty procedure against a magistrates determination to perpetrate the instance to summary trail offers many chances for entreaties and challenges in a whole new field Justice is being seen, by the authorities, as a merchandise ; the disposal of which is being redesigned to be every bit efficient as possible. The design of the legal system has ever been to maintain the greatest bulk of instances heard in the magistrates where they can be processed rapidly and cheaply. With the complexness of instances increasing it is clip to drop such a mathematical attack to justness. If the tribunals can non get by with the volume of instances in a timely manner so the setup of justness should be expanded non its mechanics changed. Trail by jury should non be sold for a better bottom line in the legal systems histories FootnotesThe civil instances that are still entitled to drag by jury are fraud, distortion of character, and two others Hansard 27 Feb 1997 Column 436 In 2001 juries acquitted 25 % of instances compared with 17 % in 1997. Hypertext transfer protocol: //WWW.LAWTUTORSONLINE.CO.UK/NEWS.HTM 2/12/01 Is our jury system so perverse, The Observer October 14, 2001 HTTP: //WWW.OBSERVER.CO.UK? COMMENTS? STORY? 0,6903,573601,00.HTMLKalven and Zeisel, 1966, p190 cited in Justice Democracy and the Jury James p13 Emile Durkin cited in SWOT Jurisprudence pp130-138 Cited in The New British PoliticsBibliographyBerlins, B and Dyer, C ( 2000 ) The Law Machine. 10th Edition. Penguin Budge, I. ( 2000 ) The new British Politicss. 2nd Edition. Longman Cracknel, D G. ( 1994 ) Cracknell? s Statutes English Legal System. Old Bailey Press Gobert, J. ( 1998 ) Justice, democracy and the Jury. Dartmouth Printing Hart, HLA. ( 1968 ) Punishment A ; Responsibility. Oxford University Press Lawtutors ( 2001 ) News update Randel, M ( 2001 ) Is our jury system so perverse. The Observer October 14th Wacks, R. ( 1990 ) , SWOT Jurisprudence. 2nd Edition, Blackstone Press. Wilson, S R. ( 1996 ) SWOT English Legal System. 3rd Edition, Blackstone Press.

Edward Norris Case

The Edward Norris case is very essential for business people given the various crucial lessons it has. To begin with, the case puts forward various strategies that have been used to combat crime in Baltimore. From the case study, it has been proofed that not all the strategies that are implemented by somebody can work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Norris Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While the commissioner of Baltimore Police Department (BPD) had been trying to come up with the best ways of addressing the rising criminal activities in the area, crime was on the rise. There had to be a change not only of policies, but also of the people involved in implementation of these policies in order to mitigate criminal activities. On the same note, the case study explicitly outlines the security situation in Baltimore. It should be noted that security is key for every business person. People want their pr operty to be safe. Moreover, nobody can feel safe and confident to work in a place where it is highly likely to be killed by criminals. The case study outlines clearly the security situation of Baltimore and how the police department is tackling the issues. Arguably, investors and even customers tend to shy away from a place that has high crime rates. Notably, the case study provides a very candid picture regarding the state of affairs in Baltimore. The economic ability of the residents is depicted as being poor. This is supported by the facts like high unemployment rates, high poverty rates and the housing problem. This information is quite crucial for business people who depend on it in making decisions on whether to invest in the area or not. The purchasing power of the residents of an area is a crucial determinant when one makes investment decisions. The case study also brings forward the dilemma that Norris faces when he is making a decision on whether to accept the invitation to join Baltimore police department or not. As a matter of fact, Norris not only considers his experience but also other factors including the culture of people at Baltimore as well as his family needs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is crucial to business people since it informs them that every issue must be considered when making any decision. To many people, the culture of BPD might not have been crucial when making a decision regarding the invitation. However, Norris considers every detail so as to make an informed decision. Regarding whether Norris should take up the job or not, there is more to consider. Firstly, Norris has been used to an organized police department where everybody is committed to succeeding in his or her duties. However, at Baltimore police are demoralized and disdainful of their work. People just work because they have no other thing to do hav ing joined the department. Secondly, while at New York where Norris works the police work in collaboration with one another for the success of the department, this is not the case at BPD. At BDP the police work individually and they show open hatred to one another. This is shown when Norris sees a police officer kicking down a reserved parking sign belonging to another police officer. It is also important to note that Norris has been used to working in an environment where they are well paid and where equipment is not a problem. As a result, there are very low crime rates in New York. On the contrary, BDP is severely ill-equipped. They have no surveillance equipment. The vehicles they use are also dilapidated. The crux of the matter is, however, the fact that the police of Baltimore are poorly paid. Nevertheless, Norris has stayed at his current place of work for a very long period of time. During this period, he has helped in reducing crime rates sharply in New York. Therefore, he has a lot of experience that can be very crucial in enhancing security at Baltimore. Moreover, after doing a round trip of Baltimore, Norris is able to outline all the problems facing the BPD which are hindering their success in curbing crime rates. This shows that he has gained a lot of experience in the security department during his 20 year career as a police officer. He is also a person who does not hesitate to share his mind. This is the person that BPD requires for the post.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Norris Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He has also been keen on working with highly educated police officers at New York. Fortunately, BPD has highly trained and educated officers who just need good management to work at their optimum. Norris can easily achieve this. Additionally, Norris has discovered that he can easily advance himself economically in Baltimore than in New York. Due to this reasons, Norris should accept the invitation. He needs a change of environment. If I was the one offered the position, there are many things that I would have changed at BPD. To begin with, police officers are demoralized. It is important to note that demoralized staff cannot in anyway be productive at work. This is the most likely reason why police department is unable to curb the rising rates of crime. Therefore, I will organize for a session to get feedback from all officers on what they do not like about their work. This will enable me to know how to increase their morale of work. Nevertheless, it has been pointed out that the police officers at Baltimore are not ready to embrace change. They are particularly annoyed by the fact that the deputy chief will be coming from outside Baltimore. I will therefore find ways of managing the change process by involving them in the change so as to avoid rubbing shoulders with them. Arguably, one cannot work well without the required equipm ent even when they are ready to work. People in any organization will be discouraged when they realize that their work is made difficult due to lack of necessary equipment. As a result, I will strive to get the necessary equipment to enhance service delivery. This can be achieved by cooperating with the new Mayor who has already shown his willingness to help.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There needs to be a culture of self responsibility among the BPD staff. It has been noted that the police officers at Baltimore will take ages before responding to a distress call by the residents. This not only sends a bad picture to the residents who will in turn refuse cooperating with the police, but also encourages criminals who will know that they can safely commit crimes. By encouraging police officers to take personal responsibility of their duty, I will be able to make them more active in the event of distress calls. This will increase the speed of response to crime scenes and thus help in curbing crime. On the same note, it will send positive messages to residents. Police and residents need to work together since security can be enhanced through combined efforts. This essay on Edward Norris Case was written and submitted by user Carley Russo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sorry Quotes to Help You Say Sorry Like You Mean It

Sorry Quotes to Help You Say Sorry Like You Mean It Have you ever felt so sorry that you couldnt sleep? Have you experienced extreme guilt for unknowingly hurting someone? Guilt is a strong emotion, and it can cause feelings of worthlessness, shame, and depression. The only way around it is to make amends and apologize. Alexander Pope said, To err is human; to forgive, divine. It is natural for humans to make mistakes. You cannot wipe the tears with just words. However, if the intent is sincere, and the remorse heartfelt, some wounds can be healed. Remorse should precede the apology. And the apology should be accompanied by remedial action. If you have to apologize for something and you feel the remorse from the bottom of your heart, use these sorry quotes. Monica Lewinsky And I felt sorry, and I have felt bad about what happened. Dale Carnegie Feeling sorry for yourself, and your present condition, is not only a waste of energy but the worst habit you could possibly have. Bjork Football is a fertility festival. Eleven sperm trying to get into the egg. I feel sorry for the goalkeeper. Arthur Ransome Grab a chance and you wont be sorry for a might-have-been. Leon Czolgosz I am not sorry for my crime. Benjamin Disraeli Apologies only account for that which they do not alter. David Herbert Lawrence I never saw a wild thing sorry for itself. A small bird will drop frozen dead from a bough without ever having felt sorry for itself. April Winchell I can wholeheartedly apologize for not being at all sorry. And it really is the least I can do. Angela Merkel I feel sorry sometimes for these sportsmen and women who put in just as much effort as the footballers. For example, athletes train at least as hard as footballers but have to be happy if they can earn enough to finance a decent education. Estelle Getty If love means never having to say youre sorry, then marriage means always having to say everything twice. Wayne Newton Theres no room in my life for feeling sorry for myself. Lord Charles Beresford Very sorry cant come. Lie follows by post. Aesop We would often be sorry if our wishes were gratified. Dan Heist When you realize youve made a mistake, make amends immediately. Its easier to eat crow while its still warm. Mignon McLaughlin True remorse is never just a regret over consequence; it is a regret over motive. Harriet Beecher Stowe The bitterest tears shed over graves are for words left unsaid and for deeds left undone. Edgar Watson Howe You can make up a quarrel, but it will always show where it was patched. Margaret Laurence In some families, please is described as the magic word. In our house, however, it was sorry. Robert Fulghum Play fair. Dont hit people. Say youre sorry when you hurt somebody. Edward N. Westcott If Ive done anything Im sorry for, Im willing to be forgiven. Mccain Edwin The words are all gone, the times been too long but its not too late to say Im sorry to a friend. Demi Moore The things two people do to each other they remember. If they stay together, its not because they forget; its because they forgive. Claire London I have learned that sometimes sorry is not enough. Sometimes you actually have to change. Gandhi The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong. H. L. Mencken Wife: one who is sorry she did it, but would undoubtedly do it again. Robert Burns Im truly sorry mans dominion has broken Natures social union. Lionel Blue ï » ¿What would I have done if Id been put to the test? Would I have risked my own life for people I hardly knew? Probably, I would have looked the other way at best or become another apologist for evil at worst.

Project Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Project Managment - Essay Example Like other projects the Scantel project may have some risks involve on it. The purpose of this paper is to identify the risks that may cause delay on the completion of the project. Upon identifying it the paper will suggest on what strategy will be used to be able to overcome the risks. This will be a step by step analysis to evaluate clearly the risks that might happen along the way. At the end of the paper a conclusion will be presented showing the possible success of this project. The Scantel projects consist of a five major sub-systems: Lens and lens mounting; Vission support system; Display system; Control Logic System, and Chassis and body. The analysis will be done on the five major systems. Risk identification determines what might happen that could affect the objectives of the project, and how those things might happen. The identification should be comprehensive, as risks that are not identified at an earlier time may threaten the success of the project and cause unpleasant result. The process should be structured using the key elements to examine risks systematically. The identification can be done thru brainstorming, since it is the most effective and flexible way of identifying risk. The needed information in identifying the risk includes historical data, theoretical analysis, empirical data and analysis, informed opinions of the project team and other experts and the concerns of stakeholder. In the Scantel Project the diagram is presented in two ways; the full Scantel Network Diagram (Appendixt1) and the Simplified Network Diagram (Appendix 2). The event listings involve the step by step event that will guide the team in planning. A project manager will ensure the success of a project by minimizing risk throughout the lifetime of the project. One of the biggest problems teams face in risk management is their desire to be very precise in their probability estimates. But, because most probabilities are subjective, precision need not extend to the fifth decimal place. It is the facilitator's role to ensure that the team does not spend an excessive amount of time fine-tuning probability estimates. (Merrit, Smith, 2003). Probability risk needs to be assessed. The initial step in assessing the probable risk is to identify the possible risk. In Scantel Project the risks were identified in the five sub system: The lens, Vision support system, the control logic, Chassis and body and the display system. Based on the investigation they have done they were able to evaluate which among the sub-systems are on risk. The probability can be assessed by determining which among the risk will be highly risky that it will clearly affect the project. As what the investigation show among the 5 sub system the most critical event are the Lens. This sub-system involves events 5-38-43-44 (refer to Appendix 1). This is said to be critical because of the complex shape and a degree of curvature of no more than 0.0005 on the projected image that would be permissible if the system was to perform up to its intended design specification. The time frame is affected because the production of lens required high tolerance and it will undergo into a trial and error approach in the manufacture. The exact time to manufacture would be uncertain. Since the diagram shows dependency, it would be impossible to

New Business Proposal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Business Proposal - Research Paper Example The needs of the customer are vital because they help in making changes for the product such that it conforms to their needs (Stark, 2011). Providing a product that suits customer’s needs in terms of size, price and other characteristics will enhance revenue generation due to increased sales (Stark, 2011). The revenue will increase by creating a new product line extension. This process entails bundling the new product with the existing products by using a similar brand name. Apart from improving the name of the brand, the process will act as criteria for marketing the new product (Stark, 2011). As the product gains customers, it is possible to perform an analysis of the market in terms of demand and elasticity. This determines how customers will respond to any changes in price. If demand appears to be inelastic, it will be convenient to increase the prices of the commodity in order to generate sufficient revenue. When demand is inelastic, the amount of sales remains unaltered, meaning that a slight increase in price will result in high revenue (Stark, 2011). Determination of the profit-maximizing quantity requires understanding of basic concepts of total revenue and total cost (Stark, 2011). After performing the sales of the new product, there will be a need to determine the gain at each sales level. This computation shall involve a consideration of all costs including labor plus other variable costs. It is possible to determine the profit maximizing quantity by first computing the marginal profits after the sale and finding where the marginal revenue becomes identical to the marginal cost (Stark, 2011). In this case, the formula: marginal profit= marginal revenue – marginal cost, will apply. If the marginal revenue is higher than marginal cost, it means that there will be a marginal gain (Taylor & Weerapana, 2012). In order to maximize profits, the business shall ensure reduction of marginal costs and improvements in

Handling Murder Scenes Investigations Criminology Essay

Handling Murder Scenes Investigations Criminology Essay Different areas tend to be prone to crime and hence the necessity of having appropriate interventions and measures which will be adopted in the handling of the murder scenes.The paper presents analyses of how law enforcers handle murder scenes and the health and legal risks associated with processing the crime scene. Conversely, it describes the strategies that should be developed by the typical law enforcement organization to improve their murder scene handling skills. Introduction Definitively, murder scene investigation refers to analytical use of physical evidence to deduce and obtain knowledge of the events surrounding the murder. This investigation is multidisciplinary and entails use of systemic search, observation and at times lab or forensic analysis of evidence. Handling and actions taken at the start of murder scene investigation plays an important role in the resolution of a case (Peterson, Mihajlovic Gilliland, 1998). A thorough investigation provides opportunities that make sure the latent physical evidence is not contaminated or likely witnesses overlooked, since if handled badly it would lead to both health and legal risks.Going by the global standards and individual country legislations, its vital for security personnels to demonstrate understanding of how to handle crime scenes (Bicheno , Elliot,1997). Personnel given a mandate of handling murder crime scenes need to have the necessary knowledge and skills that will enable them to obtain necessary evidence. Ultimately, the assessment of risk at murder scenes is an indication that anything can happen in crime scenes and its important to observe caution in order to avoid problems associated with processing of evidence. How Law Enforcement Handle a Murder Scene The great importance of carrying out murder scene investigation is to produce identification and evidence that can be used to disclose the cause of death and to obtain facts that can be used to bring the culprit to book, in case of murder. Murder scene investigation involves a meeting place of law, logic and science. Processing and handling of the murder scene is very tedious and long process that involve recognition, identification, documentation, collection of evidence and analyzing of the collected evidence. In case of suspected murder crime, law enforcers move in as investigators, where they first seal the area of murder. This is necessary to prevent contamination of the murder scene from curious onlookers. After sealing the scà ¨ne, investigators from law enforcement agency analyze the murder scene and makes sure that nothing has been moved .Here they are able to generate preliminary hypothesis based on visual examination (Bodziak, 2009). With the analysis done, the law enforcers are able to clearly describe the extent of murder crime. Apart from sealing the murder scene, the police secure the core area where they suspect a large amount of evidence is concentrated. After sealing the entire area, law enforcers then move to the district attorney s chambers where they obtain search warrants .This is important because at times some people could have prospects of privacy in portions of the murder scene. Also if not done legally, the whole investigation process would be of little importance since the findings wont be admissible in courts (Eliopulos, 2003). The law enforcers also call for any specialist and additional tools they think would be necessary during the process. The law enforcers also talk to first responders to determine if anything was moved or touched, and give details of anything they saw or heard during the occurrence of the murder crime. During this process, law enforcers touch nothing. Secondly, they scrupulously document the murder scene by taking pictures and drawing rough drafts. At times, they use video to document the scene in details without touching anything. After documenting the scene, law enforcers then engage in the collection of potential evidence, where they tag, log and package the evidence in plastic containers for laboratory analysis. The evidence is kept intact from where its transported in a safe manner for analysis. The evidence collected is labeled accordingly in relation to place of collection, date, and type of evidence collected. Before moving the body, the law enforcers analyze the body carefully for any evidence. Here they check for marks, cuts, bruises or stains on the victims body. They also check if anything is missing such as watches, rings and other personal effects (Peterson, Mihajlovic Gilliland, 1998). After collection of all evidence, the evidence is analyzed.DNA fingerprinting which is also known as forensic-DNA analysis is the common method used by law enforcers to analyze the evidence. This analysis is most reliable and affordable in such kind of scenes where for instance the body has been shot severally, burnt or even disfigured. With connection to these, the analysis provides faster mode of identification once established in such kind of scenes. Despite the benefits of dealing with DNA evidence, the evidence should not be collected unless the information is relevant to the murder crime in question. This implies that the proceedings should be undertaken under given instructions from either the regulatory bodys or the involved medical experts. Strategies of Handling Murder Scene Effectively in Relation to Law Enforcers To develop efficient strategies that would promote effective handling of murder scenes by law enforcers, it is quite necessary to have good management structures and operations within the institutions dealing with crime issues in order to promote performance within the given organization. In that case, there has been the need for different crime handling agencies to effectively adopt a number of measures that will help them in promoting teamwork and concept of working together. Problems involved in processing and handling of murder crime scenes can be mitigated by adequately training the individuals involved on better procedures and ways of handling evidence (Bodziak,2009) .As well, community involvement and awareness is also important in making sure members of the public have an idea of avoiding crime scene disturbances and dont contaminate themselves. This kind of learning and training makes sure all individuals engage in activities that do not promote murder scene and evidence con tamination.Another approach to this practice involves identification of the potential hazards which appear to be in scenes of crime and include mitigation measures which should be implemented by all.Once the problems have been identified, the next advancement is to come up with adequate plan that provide fundamental ways into how deal with exposures at the murder crime scene (Eliopulos, 2003). Issues of Law Enforcers Face in the Process of Murder Scene Investigation Many law enforcers are involved in murder scene investigations and they do encounter countless tribulations in response to how they handle evidence. For them, any action taken in the scene has some level of destructive effect on the scene and in application of justice. Sometimes scenes are degraded and altered and negative data is obtained which at times is used to convict innocent individual. Poor processing of murder scenes tends to convict innocent people and leave real culprits free and this represents injustice in the society (Bodziak,2009) Drastic changes in political and economic conditions have increased regulations and state litigation hence processing of murder crime scenes has been neglected due to strict procedural formats from the government ,as a result, individuals conducting investigations have been subjected to work without adverse training thus limiting murder scene processes. Sometimes murder crime experts like CSI personnel and law enforcers like the police, are faced with the dilemma of consulting higher authority and regulatory bodies, before conducting murder scene investigations. Indeed, this makes them loose their independence since; most of the scenes are at times thronged by curious onlookers, who have little or no knowledge of crime scene management (Bicheno Elliot, 1997). Legal inflexibility on the part of the law enforcers have contributed to challenges which force them to follow strict crime scene processing procedures which at times are time consuming and non cost effective. Investigators are required to make quick decisions even in fragile cases and legally this lead to negligence. At times there are legal problems in situations where investigators have personal stake in case. Effectiveness of the murder scene processing is lost due to the loss of neutrality in policing and close association with court systems. Other legal issues relating to murder scenes processing include technical barriers between crime scene investigators and legal practitioners. Another issue is that, an investigator may get concrete evidence to convict a criminal and yet the court disregards it. Lack of coordination between the law enforcers and courts slow down scene processing and limit justice (Peterson, Mihajlovic Gilliland, 1998). Inherent Medical and Health Risks Associated with Murder Crime Scenes, Evidence and Evidence Handling and Processing. Mostly the unintended contamination of murder scenes emerges as one of the major problems associated with murder scene handling and processing. Law enforcers involved in Murder scene investigation usually perform their works in scenes that are hazardous to their health and health of others, and this is due to coming in to contact with them. Most investigators duties entails processing of murder crime scenes and mostly they use dangerous chemicals and fingerprint powders which when accidentally ingested are life threatening. Some chemicals used are carcinogenic while others tend to cause long term Health hazards (Eliopulos, 2003). Despite the use of powders and chemicals in processing crime scenes, investigators are also susceptible to whole lots of other medical problems and hazards. Biological samples like urine, saliva, semen and blood are always handled routinely and if the victims had contagious diseases like HIV, measles and other sexually transmitted infections, probability of accidents occurring and infecting them is quiet high since majority of them have no protective clothings (Bodziak,2009) .When processing murder scenes, at times investigators use equipments like lasers, electro static dust lifters and other electrical appliances which when not handled well can cause electric shock, damage to eyes and even death. Also most law enforcers suffer from traumatic Stresses due to grotesque scenes they see when handling cases and also due to strenuous working conditions. Generally, most murder scene investigators and law enforcers are usually taken for granted and unappreciated, but they should never compromise their health (Bicheno Elliot, 1997). Conclusion Law enforcers are served with responsibility of making our community safe .They are required to investigate and arrest individuals suspected of murder crimes. Proper handling of these scenes is significant in making sure that justice has been achieved. In conclusion, Personnel given mandate of handling murder crime scenes need to have necessary knowledge and skills that will enable them to obtain necessary evidence that is indispensable in solving any murder case.

Discuss Stevensons portrayal of the nature of good and evil and the dual nature of mans personality Essay

Question- â€Å"Discuss Stevenson’s portrayal of the nature of good and evil and the dual nature of man’s personality. What does this show us about Stevenson’s view of Victorian Britain?† Born into the middle-class, prosperous district of â€Å"new† Edinburgh in Scotland, 1850, the young Robert Louis Stevenson’s life was a existence of opposites and contradictions. Just a few miles from his homeland lay the slums of â€Å"old† Edinburgh- a destitute sprawl of old urban living, disease and vice widespread and all to common. The young Master Stevenson was forbidden from this area, instead confined to his bedroom with his fanatic religious nanny- largely in part to his poor health and fragile immune system. His nanny, Alison Cunningham, was a devout Calvinist, a religion with a mixture of both Christian and Folk religion ideals. Calvinism teaches that every human being is born into sin, and thus must take it upon themselves to seek God, going against their natural inclination. This rule, entitled Total Depravity, was taught to the young Stevenson by his nanny, therefore leading the young seven year old to question his every step, paving the way for horrific nightmares of Hell and the fury of the Devil. As Stevenson grew up he found himself swept up in the cultural revolution that was â€Å"Bohemianism.† A now teenage Stevenson found himself attending raucous parties and living a second hand existence in near poverty, as what was expected from any bohemian person. He also found himself increasingly attached to the bottle and, on more then one occasion, visited prostitutes- an act that was seen as greatly immoral in the Victorian era and an action that would certainly have shocked his nanny. This deliberate act of rebellion shocked his parents and they temporarily disowned him and, although, Stevenson kept his attitudes and dislike of religion, the fall-out with his parents made him question the gulf in lifestyle that he and his parents had and the arguments also led him to question just what was right, and what was evil. Whilst travelling Stevenson met a certain Fanny Osborne, a women both older then him and already married. They had a short lived affair before Osborne absconded, leaving her husband for the young Stevenson and the couple soon wed. Second marriages were considered a â€Å"taboo† topic in the Victorian era, and Stevenson once again found himself branded as â€Å"evil† and â€Å"ignorant†, further stimulating Stevenson’s mind on right and wrong. Stevenson’s first wrote â€Å"The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† in 1885 and the book was released a year later. Rumour has it that Stevenson wrote the book whilst heavily drugged; the author had a considerable liking of Cocaine, a mind-altering drug. The drug would have momentarily changed his perceptions and view on the world, and this is perhaps reflected in the book, further strengthening the divide that was beginning to shape his book. The book was fairly popular yet drew heavy criticism from some scholars who read the book as an allegory of inappropriate sexual desires. At the time Stevenson re-buffed the ideas, through fear of the popularity of his book diminishing, but he later admitted that the book could be read as an allegory of the troubles of Victorian society. There are many themes that run deep through Stevenson’s novella, all centred around the line that divides good and evil. This topic of morality particularly fascinated the Victorian audience, largely thanks to the strength of the British Empire. The common Londoner’s heard tales of strange, far-away lands and peculiar, ritual-abiding tribe’s man and started to question their own rituals and actions. Stevenson’s book tapped into this market, asking whether what was considered â€Å"good and evil† was â€Å"good and evil† everywhere, or whether different people had different opinions on the difficult and dividing topic. Stevenson’s story begins with â€Å"The story of the door†, an opening chapter which tells the friendship of Mr Utterson and Mr Enfield, two respectable men who refuse to indulge in the spread of gossip. However they eventually begin to discuss the indecent trampling of a small girl, committed by a mysterious, twisted man, later named as Hyde. The fact that Hyde is introduced before Jekyll keeps the character of Mr Hyde fresh in the mind, and the irregular pattern (time-frame) of the book leads to the resulting conclusion being even more startling, especially for the Victorian audience who wouldn’t have expected anything similar to the actual ending. The chapter is also rich in subtle foreshadowing of opposition and restraint. â€Å"He was austere with himself; drank gin when he was alone, to mortify a taste for vintages;†, is a perfect example of Stevenson’s subtle touch. The fact that Utterson drank Gin when alone, a drink regarded at the time as a â€Å"poor-man’s† drink, a drink that was crude and often associated with criminals and vice, to quench his thirst, nay, desire for rich wine represents Jekyll’s attitude towards Hyde: Jekyll deliberately starves himself of the drug he slowly becomes addicted to, the drug that turns himself into Hyde despite despising Hyde with every bone in his body. Yet Jekyll still feels a craving for the drug and has to substitute himself with other activity’s, despite his attempts at distraction resulting in vain. The setting and atmosphere of Enfield’s recollection of the night when he first met Hyde also reflects the duality of man, a crucial aspect in Stevenson’s book. â€Å"A black winter morning†¦there was literally nothing but lamps† being a prime example of this. This abnormal lighting situation would produce shadows- the shadows representing the underclass of London society, the people that would hug street walls late at night, trying desperately not to be seen as they went about their shady business. The natural image of the black winter morning also juxtaposes the artificial light of the lamps, depicting the fact that, in the Victorian era, the citizens were always trying to triumph over nature, attempting to create social standards that even Mother Nature abided to. The stark contrast between dark and light is almost ignored in this quote, as the blackness of the night and the brightness of the lamps merge seamlessly into one another, thus representing Enfi eld’s confusion. This confusion is epitomised by the quote: â€Å"I got into the state of mind when a man listens and listens and belongs to long for the sight of a policeman,†. Enfield states his nervousness and â€Å"longing† for a policeman, a rather unusual trait as the Metropolitan Police Force was still in it’s infancy and battling many an unfavourable opinion. Also the character was earlier described as a rather dull man, the â€Å"man about town†, an experienced figure who had seen just about every city occurrence. Yet here Stevenson describes him as worried and nervous, determined to find a member of the establishment that was so untrusted around town. As well as this Stevenson implies that he character can sense something is wrong; he has potentially sourced the overbearing threat of Mr Hyde. This demonstrates the main antagonists intimidating nature before we are even introduced to him. This fear of the unknown could be related to Stevenson’s upbringing, surrounded by religion and threat of the Devil. In Christianity, and Calvinism, the Devil is both feared and yet paradoxically respected. His fundamentalist Nanny would have taught him of the threat of the Devil and also of the reason why the Devil was cast into Heaven (most prominently for failing to understand that he was created by God (that he had a dual nature)). This links in with Hyde’s nature and internal struggle- he can never fully become Jekyll because he was created BY Jekyll. The quote: â€Å"like a forest in a fire† is a good example of Stevenson’s views on current society and the changing world that was revolving around him. The simile is used to emphasise the differences between the old, poor row of houses and the new, upper class street- no doubt a product of the industrial revolution that was currently sweeping the country. Forest’s contain nothing but wood, and the single most dangerous thing one could encounter in a forest is fire, where the spitting flames spread from tree to tree. The simile could be linked to the Victorian industrial revolution: Stevenson views it as a hungry flame, sweeping away all of nature’s beauty and all of what the world used to comprise of, for now metal and steel is starting to replace the natural woods used to build shelter, and trees were being cut down to feed machines, which spat out new inventions and ideas. The quote has a negative edge relating to the industrial revolution, which fits in with Stevenson’s lifestyle and ethics. For he was a romanticist, a bohemian- interested in the preservation of nature, which they believed directly fed and influenced literature, poetry and art. The quote symbolises the divide that the industrial revolution was creating, and also questions whether the industrial revolution is good or bad, similarly to how the main theme of the book questions whether humans truly are good or evil. The second chapter, entitled â€Å"The Search for Mr. Hyde† continues with some important quotations regarding the duality of man, â€Å"It was his custom of a Sunday, when this meal was over, to sit close by the fire, a volume of some dry divinity†, being one of these. The â€Å"dry divinity† means a religious book or text, and the reading of these kinds of texts was considered a honourable and dutiful act in the Victorian era. However Utterson describes the text as â€Å"dry†- he finds it boring, dull. Thus the quote informs us that Utterson sticks to conventional Victorian traditionalism, yet aches with boredom in doing so. He yearns to be doing something else, somewhere else but feels compelled to follow his upstanding â€Å"Sunday custom†. This is typical of Victorian society and a crucial element of understanding the â€Å"duality of man†. For the Victorians tried to quench man’s natural instinct and mould him into a figure they determined respectable. Yet in pushing, in repressing people so far man rebelled, and began to question the life he lived under, leading to all of the Victorian â€Å"vices†, sex, alcohol and homosexuality becoming acceptable. Indeed, if it wasn’t for the Victorians oppression of the minority and the poor we probably wouldn’t be living in such a free society. The usage of pathetic fallacy is a common and important tool in Stevenson’s novella. The fog increases in depth and prominence whenever Hyde is near , and the fog clears towards the end of the story when the mystery is close to being unravelled. â€Å"the first fog of the season, a great chocolate coloured pall lowered over the heavens† is a quote from the chapter: â€Å"The Carew Murder Case† and the use of pathetic fallacy has connotations of impending danger as well as connotations of the industrial revolution. The â€Å"chocolate coloured† essence of the fog has implications of the industrial revolution â€Å"poisoning† the fog, changing it’s colour and also the times when the fog appears. The fog is stated as being the â€Å"first of the season†, yet the timeline would mean the fog was unnaturally early, implying the industrial revolution is harming and manipulating Mother Nature. The fog could be interpreted as nothing more then smog, a poisonous relation of the cleaner and more natural fog. The relationship between the unnatural smog, produced by the industrial revolution and the natural fog could also be linked to the relationship between Jekyll and Hyde; Hyde is a less natural side effect of Jekyll’s curiosity, Hyde is the poisonous, dangerous aspect of Jekyll. Jekyll could be interpreted as the influence of nature on Victorian society, an old-fashioned traditionalist being poisoned by new ideas and new beliefs. The murder of Sir Danvers Carew is an important part of the book, and Stevenson’s description adds to the sense of confusion and fear that is created. We are fed the murder from the viewpoint of a maid who was â€Å"romantically given† just before the crime was committed. â€Å"he was trampling his victim under foot†¦under which the bones were audibly shattered and the body jumped upon the roadway† is an extract from the murder description. The description is vivid, Stevenson notes how the maid heard the â€Å"bones shatter†, surely an awful, sickening sound. The murder is incredibly violent, representing Hyde’s anger boiling to the surface- alas; the exact reason for the murder is never truly revealed, leading us to think that Hyde needs violence to satisfy himself when he is allowed to roam free. The phrase â€Å"the body jumped upon the roadway† is also an interesting use of language, possibly representing the violence of the act; the body has been hit and abused so hard it is physically moving away from Hyde, his blows have pushed it away. The phrase adds to the sense of strength Hyde possesses, making him an even more formidable character. â€Å"with indescribable amazement read the name of Gabriel John Utterson† We first learn the full name of Utterson in â€Å"The Last Night†, after Jekyll puts his name on his will. His name could be interpreted as some as incredibly significant to the story. There are many religious connotations in Stevenson’s novella, and Utterson’s first name could be another of these connotations. In the religion of Christianity, Gabriel is the arch-angel of God, and God’s chief messenger. He passes on messages from God to various biblical figures, giving him the title of â€Å"God’s medium†. His role in Christianity is similar to Gabriel John Utterson’s in the â€Å"Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde†, he retells messages between Lanyon and Jekyll, and also uncovers the truth by reading messages intended as replies to another. Utterson’s first name also reveal his â€Å"good† side- he is a constant friend to Dr. Jekyll throughout the novella. Nearly every member of the reading Victorian audience would be familiar with the arch-angel Gabriel, and many readers would have made the link between â€Å"the two messengers†. Stevenson could also of used Utterson’s name as a way of stating that not everyone caught up in evil, is evil. Utterson is confronted with pure, undiluted evil a number of times in the story but he never once loses his sense of moral decency or moral fibre. The final chapter in Stevenson’ story contains the most information regarding the â€Å"duality of man†. The final chapter is in chronological order- right from Jekyll’s childhood to his death. The chapter also informs us of how Jekyll grew up harbouring an â€Å"evil† side. â€Å"Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures† being an example of his youthful, dual personality. A youthful Jekyll realises that, once one enters manhood and the adult world one must learn to conceal any hope or joyfulness for fear of be let down by society or taken advantage of. So we learn that, even from childhood, Jekyll is living a lie and hiding his â€Å"split† personality from the world. â€Å"I was in no sense a hypocrite; both sides of me were in dead earnest† is an example of a slightly older Jekyll’s newly stifled personality. He has forced down his natural, animal-like instincts and replaced them with an acceptable, Victorian type attitude. He has learnt to ignore his impulse and instead confer to Victorian era conformity. He has become emotionally repressed and, whilst he is coping at the minute there will always be a threat of his emotions bubbling over in a â€Å"Jack the Ripper† type emergence. â€Å"My Devil had been long caged, it came out roaring†¦Instantly the spirit of Hell awoke in me and raged† is an example of such an outburst. We know from the story that a drug causes Jekyll’s evil side to emerge but the warning Stevenson writes of is that anybody can be unleashed, any human has the potential to be a crazed mass-murderer, or an evil psychopath if pushed (or oppressed) hard enough. This would of hit a chord with the reading audience who were still recovering from the Jack the Ripper attacks, which left many Londoners wondering just what kind of person could commit such crimes. The answer? Anybody- for the Victorian style of living had the potential to depress, oppress and ultimately, end lives†¦ Overall, I believe Stevenson wrote â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde† as a warning to the Victorian reader. He wanted the audience to realise that everyone, regardless of social stature, finance or credibility, had the potential to be evil. Yet, in his novella, Stevenson almost determines that there is no real definition of â€Å"good and evil†. The human body is a complex machine and, like a snowflake, the human body changes with each individual. Humans realise and readily accept that every human has different fingerprints yet seems to find it harder to link this fact with the human brain. For ultimately, every single human is different thus the guidelines of â€Å"good and evil† change with every single person. And, ultimately, who are we to question who is good and who is evil? There are thousands of different religions, what if they are all wrong and the one, true religion (if there is one) actually determines evil as good, and good as evil. We are just mere mortals, and the human brain is the most complex thing on the planet. Before we even begin to scrape the surface of this complex machine, we must first begin to understand the secrets of the universe, and life. â€Å"Any intelligent fool can make things bigger, more complex, and more violent. It takes a touch of genius — and a lot of courage — to move in the opposite direction.† So said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest thinkers of the twentieth century. I believe that this quote sums up Stevenson’s approach to the dividing line between good and evil. For where other people of the age, fresh from the horrors of the Ripper murders, strived to find a logical answer to the line between good and evil, Stevenson instead â€Å"moved in the opposite direction†. Rather then attempt to answer the question, he questioned the question, asking whether there was an answer to a question that people were still questioning. After all, how can one answer a question that is not even based on fact, or truth, but instead on prediction? Stevenson’s opinion on religion is prevalent throughout the story. The story has a number of biblical links, no doubt harking back to the days he spent locked in his room with Alison Cunningham, whilst being fed awful stories of Hell and the Devil. There are a number of religious links, one of these being: â€Å"This inexplicable incident, this reversal of my previous experience, seemed, like the Babylonian finger on the wall, to be spelling out the letters of my judgment.† This quote mirrors the experience of Prince Belshazzar, a Babylonian prince featured in the book of Daniel. The prince, whilst dining one night, sees a mysterious, disembodied hand floating behind him. As he turned to face it, the hand begun writing in a mysterious code, on the wall. A translator later interpreted the coded writing as: â€Å"Thou art weighed In the balance and art found wanting†. Later that night Belshazzar is murdered in peculiar circumstances, hence the popular saying; â€Å"the writing on the wall†. Jekyll can see his impending doom, due to his evil exploits as Hyde but his good side is still portrayed by Stevenson, the use of religion is used for this. In the book, I believe Stevenson uses religion as a writing technique; when Stevenson wants to signify the emotive nature of people , he uses religious links and connotations. Hyde is forever associated with Hell and the Devil, whilst Jekyll and Utterson is associated with Gabriel, and the â€Å"light† side of religion. Religion is used to measure and signify, to compare and contrast. Religion also represents a divide in beliefs and personality. The end of the Victorian era was the first time, since the beginning of Christianity, that people were beginning to question and doubt religion. â€Å"Jekyll and Hyde† was penned during this time and concerns itself with the duality of man. Stevenson simply used the biggest cultural divide of the day: religion, and weaved it into his book, making the theme of duality more relevant to the reading Victorian audience. Overall, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† questions and challenges what would have been conventional beliefs in the Victorian era. It makes the reader question his own sense of right and wrong, and challenges religion and science- the two cultures that were so opposed to each other in the Victorian ere. It incorporates the depression that surrounded the Victorian dynasty, the industrial revolution, the Jack the Ripper murders and the strict conformity of living the Victorians imposed. But it also includes the first green shoots of hope that began to surface around the late 1800’s- Charles Darwin’s â€Å"The Theory of Evolution† is integrated through Jekyll’s science and the fact that Jekyll, despite through the persona of Hyde, engaged in activities such as sex and alcoholism sent the message that man can experiment, as long as it didn’t threaten or harm anyone else. The book was aware of the duality and diversity of it’s audience and revelled in this. Stevenson’s book was a revolution in itself. For it changed the conventional type of living and made people question the rules they lived under. And any book that can influence people on this scale is a rare, and beautiful, thing. â€Å"The mark of a good action is that it appears inevitable in retrospect.†